西藏“宗谿”地名文化景观空间分异特征及空间关联机制
Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Spatial Association Mechanisms of the Zongxi Toponymic Cultural Landscape in Xizang Autonomous Region
“宗谿”是我国青藏高原地区历史上的一种基层行政单元体系,其命名蕴含与自然和谐共处的生态文明观与多民族交流交融的文化内核,是我国边疆少数民族传统文化的重要组成部分。文章对西藏自治区163个典型历史宗谿的藏语原始地名进行系统校勘与语义分析,基于命名逻辑划分为自然观察、经济社会、民族文化和自然崇拜4大类。运用核密度估计、LISA空间自相关等方法刻画空间分异特征,并借助XGBoost模型与SHAP解释框架探讨各类地名与自然、社会及文化要素的空间关联机制。结果显示:(1)不同类型的宗谿地名空间分布差异显著,整体呈现以自然崇拜与民族文化类地名为核心,向经济社会类地名过渡的“中心-边缘”结构,拉萨为主要核心,日喀则与山南为次级集聚区,并沿河谷与交通廊道向外扩散;(2)各类宗谿地名与自然环境要素存在显著空间关联,自然观察类偏向高海拔与复杂地形区,经济社会与民族文化类集中于生态适宜性较高区域,自然崇拜类与高海拔及具有强象征意义的自然景观高度关联;(3)“宗谿”地名文化景观具有较强的空间延续性,高语义密度的历史地名仍与现代重要城镇保持稳定的空间协同性。文章系统揭示了西藏宗谿历史地名的类型结构、空间分异特征及关联机制,拓展了民族地区历史地名研究的空间分析路径,为边疆地名文化遗产保护提供了实证依据。
Zongxi was a historical system of grassroots administrative units on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its name embodies an ecological philosophy of harmonious coexistence with nature, as well as a cultural essence rooted in the exchange and integration of multi-ethnic cultural heritage. This study conducts a systematic collation and semantic analysis of the original Tibetan place names of 163 typical historical Zongxi in Xizang Autonomous Region. Based on their naming logic, these place names are classified into four major categories: natural observation, socio-economic, ethnic culture, and nature worship. Using kernel density estimation, LISA spatial autocorrelation, XGBoost modeling, and SHAP analysis methods, we characterized their spatial differentiation patterns and explored the spatial association mechanisms between each category of place names and the natural, social, and cultural factors. The results show a "core–periphery" structure centered on place names related to nature worship and ethnic culture around Lhasa, transitioning toward those related to socio-economic factors along river valleys and transport corridors. Different name types show distinct environmental associations, and historically significant place names with high semantic density maintain stable spatial coherence with modern urban centers. This study systematically reveals the typological structure, spatial differentiation characteristics, and driving mechanisms of historical place names in Xizang Zongxi place, expands the spatial analytical approaches for historical place name research in ethnic regions, and provides empirical evidence for the protection of place-name cultural heritage in frontier areas.
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国家自然科学基金项目(42471304)
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