珠穆朗玛国家公园高寒沼泽湿地种子植物组成与区系特征
班旦曲宗 , 达 瓦 , 扎西次仁 , 赤列嘉措 , 拉 多
高原科学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3) : 27 -36.
珠穆朗玛国家公园高寒沼泽湿地种子植物组成与区系特征
Composition and Floristic Characteristics of Seed Plants of Marsh Wetland in the Mt. Qomolangma National Park
植物组成与区系特征是生态系统稳定性的重要表征。以珠穆朗玛国家公园高寒沼泽湿地为研究区,通过野外样方调查,对该区域高寒沼泽湿地种子植物组成、地理区系和生活型特征进行分析。研究区共记录到种子植物168种,隶属42科113属。科级组成以寡种科和单种科为主,属以单种属为主;研究区高寒沼泽湿地共发现5种珍稀濒危植物,25种中国特有植物,两者共占总物种数的17.86%;其中21种为青藏高原特有植物,内含 4 种西藏特有植物。科的地理区系成分以世界广布为主,占总科数的61.90%,属以温带成分为主,占总属数的71.68%。从种子植物科、属区系R/T 比值来看,研究区与年楚河流域沼泽湿地基本一致,而科组成上与麦地卡湿地相似性最高。生活型以草本植物为主,其中多年生草本占73.21%。研究结果可为高寒沼泽湿地保护、管理及其资源的可持续利用提供基础数据。
Wetland plants serve as the primary producers of wetland ecosystem, and their species composition and floristic characteristics are critical indicators reflecting ecosystem stability. The seed plants composition, geographical floristic elements and lifeform traits of alpine marsh wetland in the Mt. Qomolangma National Park were analyzed based on field sampling investigations. A total of 168 species of seed plants were recorded belonging to 113 genera and 42 families in the study area. The floristic composition at the family level was dominated by oligotypic and monotypic families, whereas monotypic genera constituted the major component at the genus level. A total of 25 species endemic to China were recorded in the alpine marsh wetlands, accounting for 14.88% of all species identified in which 21 species are endemic to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau encompassing 4 species endemics to Xizang, and 5 species of rare and endangered plants were recorded as well. The geographical floristic of family was dominated by the Cosmopolitan distribution type, accounting for 61.90% of the total families, while temperate floristic elements were predominant at the genus level, accounting for 71.68% of the total genera. In terms of the family and genus floristic R/T ratios, the study area showed the highest floristic similarity to the marsh wetlands in the Nyangchu River Basin,while the family composition of seed plants in the study area exhibited the highest similarity to the Maidika Wetland. Perennial herbs were the dominant life form of seed plants in the studied alpine marsh wetland, accounting for 73.21% of the total species. This study provides fundamental data for the conservation, management and sustainable resource utilization of alpine marsh wetlands and carries significant theoretical and practical implications for safeguarding ecological security in the Qomolangma region and across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
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中央支持地方高校改革发展专项资金项目(藏财预指[2026]1号)
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