基于SBAS-InSAR技术的雅鲁藏布江下游高山峡谷区地表形变时空演化特征分析
赵文宇 , 杨成业 , 王文杰 , 多吉次旦 , 程铭楷
高原科学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3) : 74 -87.
基于SBAS-InSAR技术的雅鲁藏布江下游高山峡谷区地表形变时空演化特征分析
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Surface Deformation in the High-Mountain Gorge Region of the Lower Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Using SBAS-InSAR
雅鲁藏布江下游属于典型的高原冰川-峡谷区,地形地貌独特,垂直落差巨大,地质灾害频发。文章选取雅鲁藏布江下游核心高山-峡谷区(大拐弯-墨脱中部),采用SBAS-InSAR技术结合Sentinel-1A升轨数据(2020年1月12日至2025年7月8日)开展连续地表形变监测。基于时序形变发现近5年该区域发生了大量地表形变。研究结果表明, SBAS-InSAR技术能有效识别冰川-峡谷区域中形变特征与地质灾害隐患;在雅鲁藏布江下游河谷两岸共识别出34处隐患点;根据整体形变特征将形变区划分为3类:冰川U型谷形变区、河流V型谷形变区以及人类活动第四纪堆积边坡形变区;分别选取3类形变区中的一处典型隐患点进行形变特征分析,结果表明冰川融化、降雨量以及人类活动对隐患点的形变加速呈正相关。研究结果可为雅鲁藏布江下游高山冰雪区地质灾害监测与减灾防灾提供参考。
The lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River are a typical plateau glacier-gorge region characterized by unique topography and geomorphology, steep vertical gradients, and frequent geological hazards. This study focuses on the core alpine-gorge region of the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River, extending from the Great Bend to central Medog, and uses the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique with Sentinel-1A ascending-orbit data acquired between 12 January 2020 and 8 July 2025 to study the surface deformation of this area. Time-series deformation analysis shows significant surface deformation in this region over the past five years. The results demonstrate that SBAS-InSAR technology can effectively identify deformation characteristics and potential geological hazards in glacier-gorge regions. A total of 34 potential geohazard sites were identified along both banks of the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River valley. Based on their overall deformation characteristics, the deformation zones were classified into three types: glacier-related U-shaped valley deformation zones, fluvial V-shaped valley deformation zones, and Quaternary depositional slope deformation zones affected by human activities. A typical hazard site was selected from each of the three deformation zones for detailed analysis. The results show a positive correlation between glacier melting, precipitation, as well as human activities and the acceleration of deformation at these sites. These findings can serve as a scientific reference for geohazard monitoring, mitigation, and prevention of geological hazards in the high-mountain cryospheric region of the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River.
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