高原环境温度对真空变压吸附制氧性能影响规律的实验研究
许富花 , 沈红宝 , 李爽 , 史翊翔 , 王世锋
高原科学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3) : 88 -94.
高原环境温度对真空变压吸附制氧性能影响规律的实验研究
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption Oxygen-Generation Performance at High Altitude: An Experimental Study
该研究在西藏大学供氧研究院(海拔3 600 m)搭建低压解吸变压吸附制氧实验平台,通过连续实地测试,系统分析了高原环境温度对制氧性能的影响。结果表明:氧纯度与环境温度呈正相关关系,在温度上升时段(如09:00—15:30)氧纯度随之升高,并于15:30前后(日最高温时段)达到峰值;在温度下降时段(如00:00—09:00),氧纯度相应降低。分析表明,温度升高可加快氮气扩散速率,增强吸附塔内传质效率,缩短传质区长度并提高吸附剂利用率,从而改善氧氮分离效果。此外,设备性能还受温度历史累积效应的影响:相同瞬时温度条件下,经历长时间低温暴露的上午时段,其氧纯度较晚间低5.8%。基于上述结果提出高原制氧优化策略:优先选择高温时段(15:30前后)运行;避免长时间低温暴露;在低温环境下需加强设备保温或辅助加热。
A Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (VPSA) oxygen-generation experimental platform was established at the Oxygen Supply Research Institute of Xizang University (altitude: approximately 3 600 m) to investigate the effect of ambient temperature on oxygen-generation performance under high-altitude conditions. Continuous field testing showed that oxygen purity was positively associated with ambient temperature. During periods of rising temperature (e.g., 09:00—15:30), oxygen purity increased and peaked at approximately 15:30, near the daily maximum ambient temperature; during periods of falling temperature (e.g., 00:00—09:00), oxygen purity decreased accordingly. Mechanistic analysis suggested that higher temperatures may accelerate nitrogen diffusion, enhance mass transfer within the adsorption columns, shorten the mass-transfer zone, and improve adsorbent utilization, thereby improving O2/N2 separation. System performance also exhibited a thermal-history effect: at the same instantaneous ambient temperature, morning oxygen purity after prolonged low-temperature exposure was 5.8% lower than evening oxygen purity. These findings suggest that high-altitude VPSA operation may be optimized by preferential operation during warmer periods, minimizing prolonged low-temperature exposure, and improving thermal insulation or providing auxiliary heating under cold conditions.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3813300)
北京市高层次创新创业人才支持计划科技新星计划项目(20240484555)
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