海相软土高铁隧道管－土相互作用试验研究与数值分析

Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of pipeline-soil interaction in high-speed railway tunnel in marine soft soil

摘要

为研究列车振动荷载作用下海相软土高铁隧道管－土相互作用机理及沉降变形规律，依托广湛高铁控制性工程———湛江湾海底隧道，开展了1∶40缩尺模型试验，结合数值模拟对隧道结构与周围土体的动力响应分布及变形规律开展进一步分析。研究结果表明:列车振动荷载作用下，隧道周围土体的加速度响应呈现显著的空间非均匀性，整体表现为“下强上弱、近大远小”的分布特征。其中，基底及其邻近区域土体受到列车荷载的直接作用，动力响应最为显著；受土体阻尼、波动弥散以及管－土界面耗能等因素共同影响，振动能量随传播距离增加而逐渐衰减，且不同传播方向的振动衰减规律存在明显差异。相比横向传播，竖向振动在向上覆及下卧土体传播过程中衰减更为明显；横向振动进入中远场后衰减速率相对降低，表现出较强的持续传播能力；循环荷载作用下，地层沉降具有显著的累积性与阶段性特征，沉降槽整体呈“中部大、两侧小”的分布形态。加载初期沉降发展较快，前1920次加载产生的沉降量占总量的71.4%；随着循环次数增加，土体逐渐密实，单次荷载引起的附加变形减小，沉降增长速率降低，整体表现出由快速累积向逐渐趋缓发展的演化特征。

Abstract

To investigate the pipeline-soil interaction mechanism and settlement deformation characteristics of the high-speed railway tunnels in marine soft soil under train-induced vibration loads, a 1∶40 scale model test was conducted based on the Zhanjiang Bay undersea Tunnel, the control engineering of the Guangzhou-Zhanjiang High-Speed Railway. Numerical simulations were also carried out, and the dynamic response distribution and deformation development of the tunnel structure and surrounding soil were further analyzed. The results showed that, under train-induced vibration loads, the acceleration response of the soil surrounding the tunnel was found to exhibit significant spatial nonuniformity, generally characterized by a distribution pattern of “stronger below and weaker above, and greater near the tunnel and smaller farther away”. In particular, the soil at and near the tunnel base was directly affected by the train load, and thus exhibited the most pronounced dynamic response. Affected by the combined effects of soil damping, wave dispersion, and energy dissipation at the tunnel-soil interface, the vibration energy was gradually attenuated with increasing propagation distance, and significant differences were observed in the vibration attenuation patterns along different propagation directions. Compared with lateral propagation, the vertical vibration was more significantly attenuated during its propagation into the overlying and underlying soils. After lateral vibration propagated into the middle and far field regions, the attenuation rate was relatively reduced, indicating a stronger capacity for sustained propagation. Under cyclic loading, the ground settlement was found to exhibit significant cumulative and staged characteristics. The overall settlement trough was characterized by a distribution pattern of larger settlement in the middle and smaller settlement on both sides. Settlement developed rapidly during the initial loading stage, and the settlement generated during the first 1920 loading cycles accounted for 71.4% of the total settlement. As the number of cycles increased, the soil was gradually densified, the additional deformation induced by each individual load decreased, and the settlement growth rate was reduced. The settlement evolution was characterized by a transition from rapid accumulation to gradually decelerated development.

关键词

高速铁路 / 海相软土隧道 / 列车荷载 / 管－土相互作用 / 长期沉降

Key words

high-speed railway / marine soft-soil tunnel / train load / pipeline-soil interaction / long-term settlement

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基金资助

中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发课题资助项目(2023A0103601)

石家庄铁道大学研究生创新资助项目(YC202533)