断层破碎带隧道围岩变形及支护受力特征

Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and support stress in tunnels crossing fault fracture zones

摘要

针对断层破碎带隧道围岩易发生大变形的问题，以甘肃黑马关隧道穿越断层破碎带工程为研究背景，基于23个监测断面的围岩压力、拱顶沉降及水平收敛等现场监测数据，对围岩变形演化规律及支护结构受力特征进行系统分析。结果表明，断层破碎带段围岩变形显著，监测断面单侧最大水平收敛达787.7 mm，最大拱顶沉降达472.6 mm，表现出典型软岩大变形特征；围岩变形及压力在空间上具有明显离散性，拱顶沉降和水平收敛变异系数分别为83.2%和93.0%，反映出断层破碎带围岩结构高度非均质；施工阶段二次衬砌荷载分担比为5.18%~38.46%，平均为20.29%，表明围岩荷载主要由初期支护承担，二次衬砌承担约20%的荷载；在高地应力、顺层结构及地下水软化等多因素耦合作用下，围岩变形及支护受力呈现明显的空间非均匀性。研究成果可为类似断层破碎带隧道围岩大变形控制及支护设计提供参考。

Abstract

To address the problem of large deformation of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing fault fracture zones, the Heimaguan Tunnel in Gansu was taken as the engineering background. Based on the field monitoring data of surrounding rock pressure, crown settlement, and horizontal convergence obtained from 23 monitoring sections, the deformation evolution characteristics of the surrounding rock and the mechanical behavior of the supporting structures were systematically analyzed. The results showed that significant deformation occurred in the fault fracture zone section. The maximum unilate ral horizontal convergence reached 787.7 mm, while the maximum crown settlement reached 472.6 mm, exhibiting typical characteristics of large deformation in fault fracture zones. The deformation and pressure of the surrounding rock exhibited significant spatial discreteness, with the coefficients of variation of crown settlement and horizontal convergence reaching 83.2% and 93.0%, respectively, indicating the highly heterogeneous nature of the surrounding rock within the fault fracture zone. During the construction stage, the load-sharing ratio of the secondary lining ranged from 5.18% to 38.46%, with an average 20.29%, indicating that the surrounding rock load was mainly borne by the primary support, while approximately 20% of the load was carried by the secondary lining. Under the coupled effects of high in-situ stress, bedding-controlled structure, and groundwater softening, the surrounding rock deformation and support stress exhibited pronounced spatial non-uniformity. The research results can be referred to for the control of large deformation and the support design of similar tunnels crossing fault fracture zones.

关键词

隧道工程 / 断层破碎带 / 围岩大变形 / 监测分析

Key words

tunnel engineering / fault fracture zone / large deformation of surrounding rock / monitoring analysis

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基金资助

甘肃路桥建设集团有限公司科研资助项目(2023-KLZCB-QT27)