河谷高承压水断裂带隧洞围岩渗流演化规律和水害防治研究

Study on seepage evolution law and water hazard control of tunnels in fracture zones with high confined water in river valleys

摘要

针对深埋隧洞穿越河谷高承压水断裂带面临水害风险的难题,系统分析了区域工程水文地质特征,揭示渗流场演化规律,开展地表定向钻灌浆渗控措施分析,并评价了应用效果。研究结果表明,高压富水区隧洞开挖后形成明显的地下水渗漏漏斗,强渗透性的断裂构造带会改变渗流路径,形成地下水汇聚,弱渗透围岩阻隔水流将造成局部高水头区,迫使隧洞建设同时面临突涌水和高水压问题。针对河谷高承压水断裂带实施地表定向钻灌浆,灌浆总长度748 m,预灌浆圈层厚度超过11.9 m,隧洞渗流量从7.0 m³/(d·m)降至1.1 m³/(d·m),外水压力降幅达到90.0%;定向钻注浆实现了对水力通道的有效封堵,提高了围岩完整性、降低岩体渗透性,减轻了隧洞涌水、高水压等水害风险。

Abstract

To address the water hazard risks faced by deep-buried tunnels crossing high confined water fault zones in river valleys, the regional engineering hydrogeological characteristics were systematically analyzed, the evolution law of the seepage field was revealed, surface directional drilling grouting was proposed and applied as a water hazard control measure, and its application effect was evaluated. The results showed that an obvious groundwater drawdown funnel was formed after tunnel excavation in high-pressure water-rich areas. Highly permeable fault zones altered seepage paths and led to groundwater convergence, while low-permeability surrounding rock blocked water flow and created local high-head zones, exposing the tunnel construction to both water inrush and high external water pressure. Surface directional drilling grouting with a total length of 748 m was applied to the high confined water fault zone, increasing the thickness of the pre-grouted ring to more than 11.9 m. The tunnel seepage discharge decreased from 7.0 m³/(d·m) to 1.1 m³/(d·m), and the external water pressure was reduced by 90.0%. Directional drilling grouting effectively sealed hydraulic channels, improved the integrity of surrounding rock, reduced rock permeability, and mitigated water hazard risks such as tunnel water inrush and high water pressure.

关键词

断裂带 / 高承压水 / 渗流 / 定向钻灌浆 / 水害防治

Key words

fracture zone / high confined water / seepage / directional drilling grouting / water hazard control

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52079150)