水资源刚性约束下引调水工程受水区水资源优化配置

Water resources optimization in water receiving area of inter-basin water transfer project under rigid water resource constraints

摘要

针对水资源短缺与水环境恶化的问题，最严格水资源管理制度提出水资源刚性约束，为水资源的配置提供了新的框架和约束条件。以甘肃白龙江引水工程受水区为研究对象，基于分布式水文模型（community water model，CWatM）并加入调水模块，使用供水优先度作为决策变量，以社会、经济、生态综合效益最优为目标，构建水资源刚性约束下的水资源优化配置模型，分析并得到不同情景下的水资源优化配置方案。结果表明：节水措施在不同情景下的改善效果存在差异，需有针对性地制定水资源管理策略；跨流域引调水能有效改善受水区供需平衡，且区域节水潜力显著（特枯年下可达1.3亿～1.5亿m³）；实施需求侧管理限制后，不同方案中的供水保障率得到提升，其中庆阳市提升幅度居首（17%～26%）。研究为水资源刚性约束下的水资源管理提供了新思路，强调了引调水工程与节水措施结合的重要性。

Abstract

To address water scarcity and environmental degradation, the stringent water resource management framework, which incorporates rigid water resource constraints, establishes a new framework and strict conditions for water resource allocation. This study used the distributed hydrological model CWatM (Community Water Model) combined with a water transfer module, concentrating on the receiving area of the Bailong River Inter-basin Water Transfer Project in Gansu Province. A water resources optimization model under strict water resource constraints was developed using water supply priority as the decision variable and fully optimizing social, economic, and ecological benefits. Water resource optimization schemes under various scenarios were then obtained and analyzed. The results indicate that water conservation measures exhibit differential effectiveness across scenarios, requiring tailored water resource management strategies; inter-basin water transfer can effectively improve the supply-demand balance in the receiving area, and the regional water-saving potential is substantial (reaching 130～150 million m³ in extremely dry years); after implementing demand-side management restrictions, water supply reliability is enhanced in various schemes, with Qingyang City showing the most significant improvement (17% to 26%). The study provides new insights into water resource management under strict water resource constraints and emphasizes the importance of integrating inter-basin water transfer projects with water conservation initiatives.

关键词

CWatM模型 / 水资源刚性约束 / 跨流域引调水工程 / 供水优先度 / 白龙江引水工程

Key words

CWatM model / rigid water resource constraint / inter-basin water transfer project / water supply priority / Bailong River Inter-basin Water Transfer Project

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52379022)

甘肃省重点人才项目(2025RCXM0050)

甘肃省重点研发项目(23YFFA0017)

甘肃省重点研发项目(23YFFA0018)

省水利科技推广计划项目(23GSLK011)