大型跨流域调水工程“经济合理”理论框架与实现路径

The economic rationality of large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects: Theoretical framework and implementation pathways

摘要

为揭示大型跨流域调水工程“经济合理”的复杂特性，开展其理论框架与实现路径研究，以期为推动调水工程高质量发展与可持续运行提供理论支撑和决策参考。大型跨流域调水工程作为国家水网主骨架和大动脉的关键构成，兼具公益性和经营性的双重属性。研究基于新发展阶段国家水资源安全保障与国家水网建设需求，系统解析大型跨流域调水工程“经济合理”的内涵与构成，从约束边界、基础主线、核心驱动、动态优化4个维度构建理论研究框架，进一步与工程实践结合，围绕工程方案论证、施工建设、运行管理三大关键环节，提出涵盖功能论证、规模确定、布局优化、机制创新的实现路径。通过逐步完善其实现路径，推动制度和政策创新，可鼓励和吸引更多社会资本参与工程的建设与运营，以应对大型调水工程资产使用效率与长期公共效益保障面临的挑战。

Abstract

A framework for allocating water resources between basins and regions is being developed as part of China's major national water network project, which aims to achieve spatially balanced water resource allocation. Large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects are important components of the national water network, with both public and commercial benefits. At the same time, these projects are often characterized by long water transfer routes, extensive coverage, numerous land acquisitions and resettlements, and large investment scales. The "economic rationality" of such projects is a complex, multidimensional issue with multiple objectives that must be addressed urgently. In response to the strategic demands for assuring national water security and building the national water network during the new development phase, this study conducted a systematic analysis of the connotation and composition of "economic rationality" for these projects. In the meantime, a theoretical framework was developed that identified multi-objective optimization as the systemic driver, coupling and synergy as the foundational thread, safety and stability as the constraint boundary, and dynamic adaptation as the developmental space. Based on the theoretical framework and existing engineering practical experience, implementation pathways such as functional demonstration, scale control, layout optimization, and mechanism innovation were proposed. The findings show that achieving "economic rationality" in large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects is a complex system issue that affects the entire project lifecycle, necessitating an optimal balance of macro-level strategies and micro-level practices. The key to such projects lies in coordinating inputs and outputs, controlling engineering investment and costs, maximizing the comprehensive benefits of the project, and ensuring the stable operation of the project. It is crucial to stress that "economic rationality" is a systematic and relative concept for large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects. It is imperative to dialectically balance the relationship between "economy" and "rationality" rather than focusing solely on immediate economic and financial benefits. A broader perspective grounded in long-term national development and overarching strategic interests is needed, which holistically coordinates economic feasibility with social and ecological sustainability to maximize comprehensive benefits. Promoting these projects can help attract more social capital, especially private capital, to participate in project construction and operation through diverse forms. This contributes to establishing a diversified, multi-level, and multi-channel investment and financing system, thereby alleviating fiscal pressure on the government. Furthermore, while protecting public interests, implementing market-oriented management mechanisms can improve project management efficiency, optimize resource allocation, and lower operational costs. This enables projects to operate more efficiently and deliver stable, long-term services to society. This research aims to provide theoretical support and decision-making references for promoting the high-quality development and sustainable operation of large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects in China. The "economic rationality" of such projects is critical not only for their own financial sustainability and investment returns but also for building a resilient and modern national water network, advancing the national "River Basin Strategy", and fostering high-quality economic and social development.

关键词

大型调水工程 / 经济合理 / 内涵特征 / 理论框架 / 实现路径

Key words

major water transfer project / economic rationality / connotation and characteristics / theoretical framework / implementation pathway

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基金资助

水利前期工作项目(水规计〔2023〕165号)

水利水电工程技术标准规程规范修订前期工作项目(水规计〔2024〕193号)

水利水电规划设计总院“揭榜挂帅”项目()