低渗性软弱岩体环氧树脂化学灌浆与效果评价

Epoxy resin chemical grouting and effect evaluation of low permeability weak rock mass

摘要

为解决水利水电工程中低渗性软弱岩体阻碍基础应力有效传递、威胁坝基渗流稳定性，进而影响工程质量与长期运行安全的问题，以某水库坝基断层破碎带岩体为研究对象，针对性研发改性环氧灌浆材料与配套灌浆工艺，通过室内模拟试验和现场灌浆试验，对灌浆后岩体的加固防渗效果开展系统评价。结果表明：断层带岩体遇水崩解，渗透系数低至 10⁻⁴ cm/s，属低渗性软弱岩体；通过配方优化研发出适合低渗性软弱岩体的高渗透改性环氧灌浆材料，可操作时间与胶凝时间实现大范围调控；通过模拟不同压力驱动条件下的灌浆过程，制定针对性断层化学灌浆工艺；化学灌浆后钻孔取芯情况比灌前提升明显，检查孔芯样充填饱满，芯样较完整；检查孔抗渗压力和透水率满足设计要求。化学灌浆后低渗性软弱岩体满足坝基防渗与渗透稳定要求，大幅改善坝基整体安全性能。研究成果可为水利水电工程中低渗性软弱岩体的防渗加固提供参考，对保障工程安全稳定运行具有重要应用价值。

Abstract

Fault fracture zones in the hydraulic structure's foundation contain poor geological rock masses with low permeability and strength, compromising foundation stress transfer and dam foundation seepage stability. They pose a major threat to long-term operational safety and project construction quality if left untreated. Epoxy resin grouting material, a popular chemical grouting option, has several advantages, including high mechanical strength, permeability, bonding strength, and low room-temperature curing shrinkage. It can address issues that conventional cement grouting can not, and it is frequently used in concrete crack treatment and foundation reinforcement for water conservation projects. However, the performance of commercial epoxy grouting materials varies widely, making a new type with strong permeability, controllable operation time, and adjustable gelation time urgently needed. Without it, it is difficult to effectively reinforce dam foundation rock fault fracture zones and argillized interlayers, which puts hydraulic structures at risk. This study used both experimental and analytical methods to investigate a specific reservoir dam foundation fault fracture zone. First, it collected in-situ and remolded rock samples, tested their permeability coefficients to determine initial rock mass permeability, and used the rigid bearing plate method for rock mass deformation tests to obtain mechanical deformation data from fault zone rocks. On this basis, it developed a modified epoxy chemical grouting material. Following initial development, it tested chemical grouting on weak rock masses with low permeability to confirm its suitability. To comprehensively evaluate grouting effects, it adopted multiple verification methods: core tests and water pressure tests on indoor and field samples to assess physical and mechanical properties of grouted rock masses and seepage analysis and 3D static finite element calculation to simulate post-grouting dam foundation seepage and stress fields, providing a theoretical basis for treatment effect evaluation. Test results showed the dam foundation fault zone's low-permeability weak rock mass has a permeability coefficient as low as 10⁻⁴ cm/s, low strength, and water disintegration−typical of such rock masses. By adding active diluents and surfactants and developing curing agents with different structures, a high-permeability chemical grouting material was successfully prepared, with widely adjustable operation and gelation time to meet different grouting scenarios. A specialized fault chemical grouting process was developed by simulating grouting of low-permeability weak rock masses at zero pressure and various pressure-driven conditions. After application, rock mass properties improved significantly: Anti-seepage pressure of core samples from inspection holes exceeded 1.6 MPa, and permeability rate was less than 3 Lu (2/3 of samples had a permeability rate <1 Lu). Mechanically, the average acoustic wave velocity of grouted rock masses was over 14.36% higher than before grouting, and deformation modulus increased by dozens of times. Seepage analysis and 3D static finite element calculation confirmed chemical grouting fully meets dam foundation seepage prevention and stability requirements and significantly improves overall dam foundation safety. The modified epoxy grouting material and matching process have a high practical value for low-permeability soft rock reinforcement in water conservation and hydropower projects, and they serve as a direct reference for anti-seepage reinforcement of low-permeability soft rock in similar dam foundations. Furthermore, the study offers a feasible technical path to address low-permeability weak rock mass reinforcement in hydraulic structures, with important application value for promoting the safety and stability of water conservancy and hydropower projects.

关键词

低渗性 / 软弱岩体 / 环氧灌浆材料 / 化学灌浆 / 浸润渗透

Key words

low permeability / weak rock / epoxy resin grouting material / chemical grouting / infiltration

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3090104)

水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022106)

科技部重点专项项目(2020YFF0426368)

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2023325/TG2)