骨关节炎微环境中的力学-免疫-代谢-血管交互机制及再生医学干预策略

Mechano-immuno-metabolic-vascular interaction mechanisms in the osteoarthritis microenvironment and regenerative medicine intervention strategies

摘要

骨关节炎属于退行性关节病变，近年研究证实，疾病进程中会出现力学支撑不足、免疫反应紊乱、代谢紊乱以及血液供应异常等微环境失衡问题。伴随再生医学不断发展，干细胞疗法、高分子生物材料、各类生物活性分子已逐步用于骨关节炎治疗，且临床效果良好，成为该领域研究重点。本文围绕力学、免疫、代谢、血管4类微环境搭建分析框架，归纳骨关节炎微环境各组分之间的内在联系，同时整理干细胞治疗、生物材料（3D打印支架、水凝胶）与生物活性分子（外泌体、富血小板血浆）在骨关节炎微环境修复重建中的作用机制与应用现状。

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. Recent studies have shown that the disease process can lead to microenvironmental imbalances such as insufficient mechanical support, immune response disorders, metabolic disorders, and abnormal blood supply. With the continuous development of regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy, polymer biomaterials, and various bioactive molecules have gradually been used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, showing favorable clinical effects and becoming key research focuses in this field. This paper builds an analytical framework around the mechanical, immune, metabolic, and vascular microenvironments, summarizes the internal relationships among the components of the osteoarthritis microenvironment, and reviews the mechanisms and application status of stem cell therapy, biomaterials (3D-printed scaffolds and hydrogels), and bioactive molecules (exosomes and platelet-rich plasma) in the repair and reconstruction of the osteoarthritis microenvironment.

关键词

骨关节炎 / 微环境 / 3D打印支架 / 再生医学 / 水凝胶 / 干细胞 / 外泌体

Key words

Osteoarthritis / Microenvironment / 3D-printed scaffold / Regenerative medicine / Hydrogel / Stem cell / Exosome

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基金资助

广西自然科学基金项目(2024JJA140785)