纳米氧化铜在口腔医学中的应用

Applications of copper oxide nanoparticles in stomatology

摘要

铜基纳米粒子因独特的理化性质和生物学活性，已成为生物医学领域的研究热点之一。在既往的研究中，铜基纳米粒子已被证实具有广泛的抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒的特性。其抗菌机制在于改变细胞膜结构、增加细胞膜通透性等使细菌死亡。基于上述特性，纳米氧化铜被应用于口腔医学的多个亚专科领域，如引导组织再生膜、活动义齿丙烯酸树脂、种植治疗的钛涂层、正畸粘接材料中均可见氧化铜纳米粒子在其中发挥重要作用。然而，纳米氧化铜的生物安全性始终存在显著争议，需进一步开展系统性研究，其对环境的影响亦有待评估。本文综述了纳米氧化铜在口腔医学领域的抗菌应用，重点介绍了其抗菌机制、潜在应用和临床治疗中的安全性。

Abstract

Copper-based nanoparticles are a research hotspot in the biomedical field owing to their unique physicochemical properties and biological activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that copper-based nanoparticles possess a wide range of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Their antibacterial mechanism involves altering the cell membrane structure and increasing its permeability, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. Based on these properties, copper oxide nanoparticles are used in various subspecialities of stomatology, including guided tissue regeneration membranes, removable denture acrylic resin, titanium coatings for implant treatment, and orthodontic adhesive materials, among which copper oxide nanoparticles play an important role. However, the biosafety of copper oxide nanoparticles remains highly controversial and warrants further systematic investigation, and their environmental impact requires further assessment. This article summarizes the antibacterial application of copper oxide nanoparticles in the dental field, focusing on their antibacterial mechanism, potential applications and safety in clinical treatment.

关键词

纳米氧化铜 / 抗菌机制 / 口腔医学 / 临床应用 / 生物安全性

Key words

Copper oxide nanoparticles / Antibacterial mechanism / Stomatology / Clinical application / Biosafety

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基金资助

宁夏回族自治区中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(2024FRD05108)

宁夏临床病原微生物重点实验室开放课题项目(2025-04)