迷迭香精油的提取及其对摩根氏菌的抑菌性研究

Extraction of rosemary essential oil and its antibacterial activity against Morganella morganii

摘要

为解决水产品加工中组胺污染引发的安全隐患问题,本研究以迷迭香叶片为原料,采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取迷迭香精油,并通过单因素实验与响应面法优化提取工艺。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶10(mg∶L)、蒸馏时间3.8 h、浸泡时间1.9 h、原料粒径19目,此条件下精油得率达2.18%。将提取的精油应用于高产组胺微生物摩根氏菌的抑制研究,系统评价其抑菌活性。抑菌实验显示,30和40 mg/mL质量浓度的迷迭香精油抑菌圈直径分别为(21.90±0.20)和(24.73±0.45) mm,最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC)分别为0.4和1.0 mg/mL。进一步机理研究表明,迷迭香精油通过破坏细胞膜结构,改变膜内外渗透压,导致RNA和蛋白质等胞内大分子外泄,从而显著抑制摩根氏菌生长。本研究为迷迭香精油作为天然抑菌剂在水产品组胺控制中的应用提供了理论依据与方法支持,对提升鲣鱼制品安全性具有积极意义。

Abstract

To address the safety hazards caused by histamine contamination in aquatic product processing, this study used rosemary leaves as raw material and extracted rosemary essential oil by atmospheric steam distillation, optimizing the extraction process through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal process conditions were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10 (mg∶L), distillation time of 3.8 h, soaking time of 1.9 h, and raw material particle size of 19 mesh, under which the essential oil yield reached 2.18%. The extracted essential oil was applied to the inhibition study of Morganella morganii, a high histamine-producing microorganism, and its antibacterial activity was systematically evaluated. Antibacterial experiments showed that 30 and 40 mg/mL concentrations of rosemary essential oil had inhibition zone diameters of (21.90±0.20) and (24.73±0.45) mm, respectively, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.4 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Further mechanism studies showed that rosemary essential oil destroyed the cell membrane structure, changed the osmotic pressure inside and outside the membrane, and caused the leakage of intracellular macromolecules such as RNA and proteins, thus significantly inhibiting the growth of Morganella morganii. This study provides theoretical basis and methodological support for the application of rosemary essential oil as a natural antibacterial agent in the control of histamine in aquatic products, and has positive significance for improving the safety of skipjack tuna products.

关键词

迷迭香精油 / 摩根氏菌 / 生物胺 / 抑菌性 / 最小抑菌浓度

Key words

rosemary essential oil / Morganella morganii / biogenic amines / antibacterial activity / minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

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基金资助

青岛市关键技术攻关及产业化示范类项目(25-1-1-gjgg-56-hy)