油墨涂料地块土壤中苯系物污染特征及健康风险评估

Characteristics of Benzene Compounds Pollution and Health Risk Assessment in Soils of Ink and Paint Sites

摘要

苯系物是苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯和苯乙烯等苯衍生物的总称，工业上广泛应用于油漆、印刷、石油化工和油墨涂料等行业，具有较强的挥发性和溶解性。目前国内外学者对苯系物的研究多聚焦于石油化工和家具制造等行业，对于油墨地块土壤中苯系物的研究极为欠缺。本研究以广东省某油墨涂料地块为研究区域，在其油墨车间、柴油罐、储罐区等区域，采集0~20cm、100~120cm和200~250cm土壤样品共计22个，检测苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯等25种苯系物，系统分析其污染特征、空间分布、污染成因以及潜在健康风险。结果表明，该地块土壤中检出的25种苯系物，均未超过国家相应标准，其中，甲苯总含量最高，达到54.97μg/kg（四分位间距：22.48~86.22μg/kg），是该油墨地块土壤的特征苯系物污染物，油墨车间是该区域总苯系物的浓度最高的区域。苯系物相关性分析和主成分分析表明：第一主成分包括苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯等19种组分，各组分相关性高且来源相似，主要来源于油墨车间作业过程中复杂苯系物组分的无组织排放；第二主成分包括甲苯、乙苯、异丙基苯和1,3-二氯苯，来源相似，主要来自该地块生产所用的含苯有机原料和溶剂。人群通过经口摄入、皮肤接触和吸入土壤颗粒物三种途径暴露于土壤中苯系物时，其非致癌健康风险和终身致癌健康风险均处于可接受水平，该地块无需开展针对性风险管控或修复。

Abstract

Benzene homologues comprise a class of benzene derivatives, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene. They are widely used in industrial applications such as paint production, printing, petrochemical manufacturing, and ink and coating industries, owing to their high volatility and solubility. Current research on benzene homologues, both domestically and internationally, has largely focused on sectors such as petrochemicals and furniture manufacturing, while studies examining their presence in soils at ink-related sites remain scarce. This study investigates a former ink and coating site in Guangdong Province. A total of 22 soil samples were collected from depths of 0-20 cm, 100-120 cm, and 200-250 cm in areas including the ink workshop, diesel tank zone, and storage tank area. The samples were analyzed for 25 types of benzene homologues, including such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, to systematically assess their pollution characteristics, spatial distribution, sources, and potential health risks. Results showed that none of the 25 detected benzene homologues exceeded the relevant national standards. Toluene exhibited the highest total concentration, reaching 54.97 μg/kg (interquartile range: 22.48-86.22 μg/kg), identifying it as the characteristic pollutant in the site's soil. The ink workshop displayed the highest overall concentration of benzene homologues. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed two dominant components: PC1 included 19 components, such as benzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, exhibiting strong intercorrelations and common sources, primarily attributed to fugitive emissions during ink production. PC2 comprised toluene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, and 1,3-dichlorobenzene, likely originating from benzene-containing raw materials and solvents used in the production process. Health risk assessment indicated that both non-carcinogenic and lifetime carcinogenic risks resulting from three exposure pathways, including oral ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of soil particles, were within acceptable ranges. Therefore, no targeted risk control or remediation is currently required for this site.

关键词

油墨涂料地块 / 土壤 / 苯系物 / 反距离权重插值法 / 主成分分析 / 健康风险评估

Key words

Ink coating block / Soil / Benzene series / IDW / PCA / Health risk assessment

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基金资助

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2023YSKY-35)