新污染物环境风险管控制度的法典化建构

The Codification Construction of the Environmental Risk Control System for New Pollutants

摘要

新污染物环境风险管控不仅是应对新型环境风险的必然举措，更是推进生态环境治理体系建设的内在要求。然而，新污染物环境风险管控面临着偏重事后救济、规范碎片化、责任机制局限等系统性困境，亟须确立可行的法律依据。通过对比修改既有单行法、制定专门管控法以及纳入编纂中的《生态环境法典》三种路径，法典化是当前兼具现实可行性、体系协调性等考量的最优选择。新污染物环境风险管控法典化应确立风险预防原则、整体系统观理念以及生态环境修复责任机制。具体而言，在污染防治编中确立“弱风险预防原则”，在科学不确定状况下及时采取管控措施；以整体系统观理念协调各编章之间的关系，形成制度合力；确立生态环境修复责任机制，弥补传统责任制度的不足。新污染物环境风险管控法典化不仅能构建统一的法律规范体系，更能提升国家生态环境治理能力，为全球生态环境治理贡献中国方案。

Abstract

The environmental risk control of new pollutants is not only an inevitable measure to deal with new types of environmental risks, but also an inherent requirement for promoting the construction of the ecological environment governance system. However, the environmental risk control of new pollutants is confronted with systemic predicaments such as an emphasis on post-event relief, fragmented regulations, and limited liability mechanisms, urgently requiring the establishment of feasible legal basis. By comparing the three approaches of amending existing single laws, formulating specialized control laws, and incorporating the “Ecological Environment Code” under compilation, codification is currently the best choice that takes into account both practical feasibility and system coordination. The codification of environmental risk control for new pollutants should establish the principle of risk prevention, the concept of an overall systems perspective, and the responsibility mechanism for ecological and environmental restoration. Specifically, the “weak risk prevention principle” should be established in the pollution prevention and control section, and control measures should be taken in a timely manner under scientifically uncertain conditions. Coordinate the relationships among various chapters with the concept of an overall system perspective to form an institutional synergy. Establish a responsibility mechanism for ecological and environmental restoration to make up for the deficiencies of the traditional responsibility system. The codification of environmental risk control for new pollutants can not only establish a unified legal norm system, but also enhance the country’s capacity for ecological and environmental governance, contributing a Chinese solution to global ecological and environmental governance.

关键词

新污染物 / 法典化 / 风险预防 / 整体系统观

Key words

New pollutants / Codification / Risk prevention / Overall System Perspective

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基金资助

辽宁省经济社会发展研究课题(20261s1ybkt-011)

辽宁省教育厅青年项目(LJ112410167036)