后区前置情境下社交媒体用户的自我呈现转型
The Self-Presentation Transformation of Social Media Users in the Pre-Context of the Back Area:A Case Study of the Momo Group
以拟剧论与社会情境论为框架,探讨“后区前置”情境下社交媒体用户的自我呈现转型及其能动性实践。采用深度访谈法,以小红书与豆瓣平台的“momo群体”为研究对象,构建“情境分离—情境崩溃—情境重构”框架以解析其行为逻辑,发现算法推荐机制导致用户后台隐私前置,引发“情境崩溃”,表现为过去与当前形象冲突、前台表演与后台期待违背。为应对困境,用户主动进行双重转型。一是从实名向匿名转型,动因包括自我印象整饰、去标签化社交与言论责任逃避;二是从个体向群体转型,动因源于虚拟身份认同与集体从众心理。匿名化可以缓解身份焦虑,但也带来群体污名化风险;群体化增强表达安全感,却抑制用户个性。“自发性匿名”这一社交媒体用户的创造性实践凸显了社交媒体用户在技术结构下的能动性,也反映了平台商业化逻辑与用户匿名需求间的根本矛盾,为理解数字身份治理与平台可供性优化提供了新启示。
Social media uses algorithmic recommendations and acquaintance-based push mechanisms to expose the privacy of users’ backstage domains to the public foreground,resulting in a “situational collapse”,and the user’s front-end image and the real self in the background conflict fiercely. Existing research focuses on platform ethics or passive privacy disclosure,and lacks a systematic explanation of individual proactive coping strategies. This paper takes the momo anonymous group of Xiaohongshu (Little Red Book) and Douban as cases to explore how users can reshape their self-presentation in the “pre-context of the back area” scenario,thereby providing a new perspective for understanding identity negotiation,platform governance and anonymous social networking in the digital age.The analytical framework of “situation separation-situation collapse-situation reconstruction” is constructed.In the situation separation stage,users create the social media frontstage as an idealized performance space,and build an ideal persona through avatars,tags,and notes,while the real identity of the background is hidden.In the situation collapse stage,algorithm push leads to background privacy exposure,and the emerging of a “past-present” image conflict and a violation of “foreground-backstage” audience expectations,causing self-presentation anxiety.In the situation reconstruction stage,users adopt dual transformations: real-name to anonymity,and individual to group.The transformation towards anonymity is driven by three factors: self-impression decoration,de-labeling socialization,and evasion of speech accountability. Group transformation stems from virtual identity and collective herd mentality. Empirical evidence shows that anonymization effectively isolates audiences and mitigates conflicts,but also brings the risk of stigmatization.Grouping enhances the security of opinions and the ability to act collectively,but inhibits personalized expression.In the pre-context of the backstage domain,the user’s self-presentation is not passively damaged,but actively completes the situation reconstruction through anonymization and grouping strategies so as to realize the dual needs of privacy protection and equal communication. This process highlights the dynamic game between technical context, platform affordances, and individual agency. The proliferation of this phenomenon reveals that there is a certain contradiction between the current acquaintance-based recommendation and real-name system design and users’ needs for anonymity of the social platform which consequently need to seek a new balance between privacy protection,content governance and diverse expression.
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