采用温度场-流场耦合仿真的多道激光熔覆层显微组织调控

Microstructure Regulation of Multi-Pass Laser Cladding Layer Through Temperature-Flow Coupled Simulation

摘要

2205双相不锈钢是阀门密封件常用材料，激光熔覆层的组织致密性及铁素体/奥氏体两相比例平衡是影响修复后性能的关键因素。以盘阀阀内件基体修复为例，构建了单、多道激光熔覆的三维瞬态热-流耦合有限元模型，系统分析了熔池温度场与流场的演化规律及凝固特征参数的空间分布，并在圆环面采用摆焊轨迹进行多道熔覆实验验证。结果表明：单道熔覆温度场呈典型伞形分布，流场呈对称涡旋结构；多道熔覆过程中前序熔道的预热效应使温度分布更均匀、热梯度趋于平缓，流场演变为非对称的复杂流动模式。熔覆实验结果表明，晶粒生长方向与热流方向基本一致，在综合考虑凝固参数和热循环作用下的熔覆层组织晶粒细小，呈现胞状晶和树枝晶的混合形态。研究结果验证了数值模型的预测准确性，熔覆层呈典型双相组织特征且两相比例均衡。

Abstract

2205 duplex stainless steel is a commonly used material for valve sealing components, and the density of the laser cladding layer and the balance of the ferrite/austenite phase ratio are key factors affecting the performance after repair. Taking the repair of the internal components of a valve as an example, a three-dimensional transient thermal-flow coupled finite element model for single and multi-pass laser cladding was established to systematically analyze the evolution laws of the molten pool temperature field and flow field, as well as the spatial distribution of solidification characteristic parameters. Multi-pass cladding experiments were conducted using a weaving welding trajectory on a circular ring surface for verification. The results indicate that: the temperature field of single-pass cladding shows a typical umbrella distribution, while the flow field exhibits a symmetrical vortex structure; during multi-pass cladding, the preheating effect of the preceding weld beads leads to a more uniform temperature distribution and a gentler thermal gradient, resulting in an asymmetric complex flow pattern. The cladding experimental results show that the grain growth direction is generally consistent with the heat flow direction, and under the comprehensive consideration of solidification parameters and thermal cycling effects, the microstructure of the cladding layer exhibits small grains, presenting a mixed morphology of cellular and dendritic grains. The research results validate the predictive accuracy of the numerical model, confirming that the cladding layer exhibits typical duplex microstructural characteristics with a balanced phase ratio.

关键词

激光熔覆 / 2205双相不锈钢 / 温度场 / 流场 / 耦合 / 控性

Key words

laser cladding / 2025 duplex stainless steel / temperature field / flow field / coupling / microstructure control

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基金资助

六盘山实验室基础科研项目(LPS-2025-KY-D-JC-0001)

宁夏自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03040)