基于 WHCWT 模型的宁夏地区季节性 PM2.5传输路径及来源分析
艾双双 , 杨文良 , 刘晶敏 , 康宝荣 , 刘焕武 , 牟国桃
西北工程技术学报(中英文) ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2) : 137 -144.
基于 WHCWT 模型的宁夏地区季节性 PM2.5传输路径及来源分析
Analysis of Seasonal PM2.5 Transport Pathways and Sources in the Ningxia Region Based on the WHCWT Model
为识别宁夏地区 PM2.5 协同防控的关键区域及主要贡献源,基于 2023 年 3 月至 2024 年 2 月宁夏 5 市(银川市、石嘴山市、吴忠市、中卫市、固原市)PM2.5小时质量浓度监测数据、全球资料同化系统 (GDAS)气象数据及高分辨率土地覆盖数据,运用混合单粒子拉格朗日积分轨迹模型(HYSPLIT)、加权高度-加权质量浓度权重轨迹分析模型(weighted height-weighted concentration-weighted trajectory,WHCWT)系统解析了宁夏地区季节性 PM2.5传输路径及来源特征。结果表明,宁夏地区 PM2.5质量浓度呈现冬春居高、夏秋趋缓的季节性特征,春夏西高、秋冬北高的空间分布特征,以及整体双峰、峰值异质的日变化规律;四季均受 4 类气流传输路径影响,即西北方向长距离传输路径(新疆-内蒙古/甘肃-宁夏)、西北方向短距离传输路径(内蒙古/甘肃-宁夏)、西北方向绕偏东短距离传输路径(内蒙古/内蒙古与蒙古国边界-宁夏)和东南方向短距离传输路径(陕西-宁夏),其中,西北方向传输路径气流合计占总气流的比例在冬季达峰值(83.69%),在夏季落至低位(56.42%);潜在源贡献呈现季节性分异,春季西北区域贡献突出,冬季东南区域主导;污染源贡献亦具显著季节性分异,春、夏、秋三季内蒙古自治区贡献居首,风沙扬尘源、天然植被源及农业生产源贡献依次递减,冬季陕西省跃升为最大贡献源,天然植被源、农业生产源及城市工业源为主要贡献源。
To identify the key areas and primary contributing sources for the collaborative control of PM2.5 in Ningxia, based on hourly PM2.5 mass concentration monitoring data from five cities in Ningxia (Yinchuan City, Shizuishan City, Wuzhong City, Zhongwei City, and Guyuan City) from March 2023 to February 2024, Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) meteorological data, and high-resolution land cover data, the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and the Weighted Height-Weighted Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (WHCWT) model were used to systematically analyze the seasonal transport pathways and source characteristics of PM2.5 in Ningxia. The results indicate that PM2.5 mass concentration in Ningxia exhibits distinct seasonal patterns, with higher levels in winter and spring, and lower levels in summer and autumn. Spatially, concentrations were higher in the west during spring and summer and in the north during autumn and winter. Temporally, an overall bimodal and heterogeneous daily variation pattern was observed. The seasonal transport pathways are influenced by four types of airflow patterns, namely long-distance transport from the northwest (Xinjiang-Inner Mongolia/Gansu-Ningxia), short-distance transport from the northwest (Inner Mongolia/Gansu-Ningxia), short-distance transport from the northwest with an eastern detour (Inner Mongolia/Inner Mongolia-Mongolia border-Ningxia), and short-distance transport from the southeast (Shaanxi-Ningxia). Among these, the proportion of airflow from the northwest transport pathway peaked in winter (83.69%) and fell to a low in summer (56.42%). The potential source contributions showed seasonal differentiation, with significant contributions from the northwest in spring and dominance of the southeast in winter. The pollution source contributions also exhibited notable seasonal differentiation, with Inner Mongolia being the largest contributor in spring, summer, and autumn, while wind-blown dust sources, natural vegetation sources, and agricultural production sources contributed in decreasing order. In winter, Shaanxi Province became the largest contributor, with natural vegetation sources, agricultural production sources, and urban industrial sources as the main contributors.
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