宁夏贺兰山贺兰沟“8·21”泥石流运动分析与易发性评价

Analysis of the 8·21 Debris Flow and Susceptibility Assessment of Helan Valley in Helan Mountains, Ningxia

摘要

2016 年 8 月 21 日，宁夏贺兰山贺兰沟发生了泥石流灾害。为此，基于 DEM 高程和高精度影像，建立 Arc⁃GIS 计算模型，获取贺兰沟泥石流的容重、流速、流量和一次过程总量等参数；利用 Massflow 软件模拟贺兰沟泥石流运动特征，分析泥深、流速变化规律；结合地形、物源和水源条件，评价泥石流的易发特性。结果表明，贺兰沟“8·21”泥石流属于短时强降雨激发的稀性泥石流，流速主要在 6 m/s 以下，贺兰沟植被较少、阻碍作用小，导致泥石流流速较大；平均泥深为 1~6 m，最大泥深可达 10 m 以上，沟内中部泥深厚度大，沿沟道两侧逐渐递减；一次泥石流过程总量为 4.81×10⁵ m³，属于中等易发性泥石流。

Abstract

On August 21, 2016, a debris flow disaster occurred in Helan Valley, Helan Mountain, Ningxia. Therefore, based on DEM elevation and high-precision images, an ArcGis computational model was established to obtain parameters such as bulk density, flow velocity, flow rate, and total volume of the debris flow process in Helan Valley. The Massflow software was used to simulate the movement characteristics of the debris flow in Helan Valley and analyze the variations in sediment depth and flow velocity. By combining the topography, material sources, and water sources, the susceptibility characteristics of the debris flow were evaluated. The results showed that the 8·21 debris flow in Helan Valley was a rare debris flow triggered by short-duration heavy rainfall, with flow velocities primarily below 6 m/s. The sparse vegetation in Helan Valley resulted in minimal resistance, leading to higher flow velocities; the average sediment depth ranged from 1 to 6 m, with a maximum sediment depth exceeding 10 m. The sediment depth was greatest in the middle of the valley and gradually decreased along the sides of the valley; the total volume of a single debris flow event was 4.81×10⁵ m³, indicating a moderate susceptibility to debris flows.

关键词

贺兰沟 / 泥石流 / Massflow / 成灾特征 / 易发性

Key words

Helan Valley / debris flow / Massflow / disaster characteristics / susceptibility

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