CFRP工字梁四点弯曲数值分析

Numerical Analysis of CFRP I-Beams under Four-Point Bending

摘要

基于 ABAQUS 软件建立了包含 3D Hashin 失效准则和内聚力（cohesive）单元的数值模型，通过与碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）工字梁四点弯曲试验对比验证模型有效性；分析了试件在四点弯曲下的失效机理，并进一步研究了铺层顺序和腹板高度对试件力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：模拟与试验的宏观损伤形貌及载荷-位移曲线吻合良好，相对误差仅 5.34%，验证了模型的可靠性；在四点弯曲载荷作用下， [90/45/-45]_2s为最优铺层构型，外层 90°铺层在提高压缩和拉伸强度的同时，内层±45°铺层将应力有效分散至整体结构，二者协同作用有效提升了试件的抗弯曲性能，揭示了纤维铺层结构与弯曲载荷下损伤机制间的内在关联；腹板高度增加显著提高了试件的抗弯曲性能，24 mm 高度腹板较 18 mm 高度腹板，最大峰值载荷提高了 9.51%，且峰值载荷由结构整体强度与腹板材料强度共同决定。

Abstract

A numerical model incorporating the three-dimensional （3D） Hashin failure criterion and cohesive elements was developed using ABAQUS. After the model was validated against four-point bending tests of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer （CFRP） I-beams， the failure mechanisms of the specimens under four-point bending were analyzed. The effects of stacking sequence and web height on the mechanical performance of the specimens were further investigated. The results showed that the simulated macroscopic damage patterns and load–displacement curves agreed well with the experimental results， with a relative error of only 5.34%， confirming the reliability of the model. Under four-point bending loading， [90/45/-45]_2s was identified as the optimal stacking configuration. The outer 90° plies enhanced both the compressive and tensile strengths， while the inner ±45° plies effectively redistributed stresses throughout the structure. Their synergistic effect markedly improved the flexural performance of the specimens， revealing the intrinsic relationship between the fiber stacking architecture and the damage mechanisms under bending loads. Increasing the web height significantly improved the flexural performance of the specimens. Compared with the specimen with an 18 mm web height， the specimen with a 24 mm web height exhibited a 9.51% increase in the maximum peak load. Moreover， the peak load was jointly determined by the overall structural strength and the material strength of the web.

关键词

有限元分析 / 复合材料工字梁 / 失效机理 / 铺层顺序 / 腹板高度

Key words

finite element analysis / composite I-Beam / failure mechanism / stacking sequence / web height

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(12362016)

江西省自然科学基金项目(20252BAC240182)