气候变暖背景下宁夏高温天气特征分析
Characteristics of High-Temperature Weather in Ningxia under a Warming Climate
利用1961-2024年宁夏21个国家气象站逐日最高气温资料,采用气候倾向率、M-K检验、小波分析等方法,分析了宁夏高温天气的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)宁夏高温天气主要出现在引黄灌区和中部干旱带,高温日数增多、强度增强,呈明显的增加增强趋势。(2)1961年以来,引黄灌区高温日数增加幅度为1.23 d/10 a,于2009年发生突变,突变后增至3.26 d/10 a;中部干旱带高温日数增加幅度为0.33 d/10 a,于2014年发生突变,突变后增至0.47 d/10 a;引黄灌区极端最高气温增加幅度为0.48 ℃/10 a,中部干旱带为0.21 ℃/10 a。(3)高温日数存在以60 a左右为主的振荡周期;引黄灌区极端最高气温存在以60 a左右为主的振荡周期,中部干旱带则存在以24 a左右为主的振荡周期。
Daily maximum temperature data from 21 national meteorological stations in Ningxia for the period 1961-2024 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variations in high-temperature weather using climatic trend analysis, the Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, and wavelet analysis. The results showed that: (1) High-temperature weather in Ningxia occurred mainly in the Yellow River irrigation area and the central arid zone. Both the number of high-temperature days and their intensity exhibited pronounced increasing trends. (2) Since 1961, the number of high-temperature days in the irrigation area has increased at a rate of 1.23 d/10 a. An abrupt change occurred in 2009, after which the rate of increase reached 3.26 d/10 a. In the central arid zone, the number of high-temperature days increased at a rate of 0.33 d/10 a. An abrupt change occurred in 2014, after which the rate of increase reached 0.47 d/10 a. The extreme maximum temperature increased at rates of 0.48 ℃/10 a in the Yellow River irrigation area and 0.21 ℃/10 a in the central arid zone. (3) The number of high temperature days exhibited a dominant oscillation period of about 60 years. The extreme maximum temperature exhibited a dominant oscillation period of about 60 years in the irrigation area and 24 years in the central arid zone.
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