7种药剂对白皮松长足大蚜的防治效果及安全性评价

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of seven pesticides against Cinara bungeanae on Pinus bungeana

摘要

白皮松长足大蚜 C inara bungeanae Zhang et Zhang 是危害白皮松 Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.的主要刺吸性害虫,严重影响树体健康和景观效果。为科学开展白皮松长足大蚜防治工作,本研究通过多项试验,评价了7种药剂对白皮松长足大蚜的防治效果,筛选出3种药效较好的药剂,并进一步评估这3种药剂对刺吸性害虫5种常见天敌昆虫的安全性。结果表明:22%氟啶虫胺腈SC 30 000倍液、17%氟吡呋喃酮SL 3 000倍液、2%噻虫啉CS 1 500倍液对白皮松长足大蚜具有较好的防效和速效性,但对天敌昆虫也有一定影响,使用时应避开瓢虫 Coccinellidae、草蛉 Chrysopidae等天敌的活动高峰期；50g·L⁻¹双丙环虫酯DC 12 000倍液、25%吡蚜酮SC 6 000倍液速效性较低,可在虫口密度较低时结合生物防治措施使用；1%苦参碱SL 600倍液和22.4%螺虫乙酯SC 6 000倍液对白皮松长足大蚜防效欠佳,不建议单独使用。

Abstract

Cinara bungeanae Zhang et Zhang is the primary piercing-sucking pest affecting Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl,significantly compromising tree health and ornamental value. To facilitate rational pest management,this study evaluated the control efficacy of seven pesticides against Cinara bungeanae and assessed the safety of the three most effective compounds against five common natural enemy insects of piercing-sucking pests. Results indicated that 22% sulfoxaflor SC (30 000× dilution),17% flupyradifurone SL (3 000× dilution),and 2% thiacloprid CS (1 500× dilution) exhibited high efficacy and rapid knockdown against Cinara bungeanae. However,these agents also exert measurable impacts on natural enemies; therefore,their application should be timed to avoid peak activity periods of beneficial insects such as lady beetles and lacewings. Afidopyropen DC (50 g·L⁻¹,12 000× dilution) and 25% pymetrozine SC (6 000× dilution) demonstrated lower immediate efficacy but are suitable for integration with biological control strategies under low pest population densities. Matrine SL (1%,600× dilution) and 22.4% spirotetramat SC (6 000× dilution) demonstrated suboptimal efficacy against the target pest and are not recommended for standalone use.

关键词

白皮松长足大蚜 / 杀虫剂 / 防治效果 / 天敌 / 安全性评价

Key words

Cinara bungeanae Zhang et Zhang / insecticide / control efficacy / natural enemy / safety evaluation

参考文献

[1] 高希武 . 2010. 我国害虫化学防治现状与发展策略[J]. 植物保护, 36(4): 19−22.

[2] Gao X W . 2010. Current status and development strategies of chemical pest control in China[J]. Plant Protection, 36(4): 19−22.(in Chinese)

[3] 韩醴 . 2016. 从分子结构角度解析氟吡呋喃酮及其新颖的丁烯酸内酯药效团[J]. 世界农药, 38(1): 9−13.

[4] Han L . 2016. Analysis of Flupyradifurone and its novel Butenolide pharmacophore from molecular structure Perspective[J]. World Pesticides, 38(1): 9−13.(in Chinese)

[5] 贾婉, 王浩, 于洋, 等 . 2020. 北京地区白皮松移植及管护技术[J]. 绿色科技, 22(23): 69−71.

[6] Jia W , Wang H , Yu Y ,et al. 2020. Transplantation and maintenance techniques of Pinus bungeana in Beijing area [J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology,(23): 69−71.(in Chinese)

[7] 焦蕊, 张林林, 刘金利, 等 . 2022. 4种杀虫剂对桃蚜的田间防治试验[J]. 北方果树(4): 11‒13.

[8] Jiao R , Zhang L L , Liu J L ,et al. 2022. Field efficacy of 4 insecticides on Myzus persicae [J]. Northern Fruits,(4): 11‒13.(in Chinese)

[9] 赖声洪 . 2013. 螺虫乙酯肟醚类衍生物的合成、生物活性研究及基于ACCase靶酶的筛选方法初探[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学.

[10] Lai S H . 2013. Study on synthesis and bioactivity of Spirotetramat[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University.(in Chinese)

[11] 李鹏飞, 郑艺翔, 苟长青, 等 . 2023. 5种杀虫剂对棉蚜的防效和对多异瓢虫的安全性评价[J]. 棉花学报, 35(6): 487−496.

[12] Li P F , Zheng Y X , Gou C Q ,et al. 2023. Effect of five insecticides against Aphis gossypii and their safety evaluation on Hippodamia variegata [J]. Cotton Science, 35(6): 487−496.(in Chinese)

[13] 李强, 门兴元, 景春, 等 . 2021. 苹果黄蚜高效防治药剂筛选[J]. 安徽农业科学, 49(6): 137−139.

[14] Li Q , Men X Y , Jing C ,et al. 2021. Screening of effective insecticides against Aphis citricola [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 49(6): 137−139.(in Chinese)

[15] 李仁, 梁平卓, 程沈航, 等 . 2021. 我国棉蚜对吡虫啉和氟啶虫胺腈抗性水平监测与交互抗性分析[J]. 植物保护学报, 48(5): 1104−1113.

[16] Li R , Liang P Z , Cheng S H ,et al. 2021. Determination of resistance and cross‒resistance to imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor in field populations of Aphis gossypii in China [J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 48(5): 1104−1113.(in Chinese)

[17] 刘春蕊, 魏引弟, 韩英, 等 . 2023. 5%双丙环虫酯对十一星瓢虫的安全性评价[J]. 新疆农垦科技, 46(2): 60−63.

[18] Liu C R , Wei Y D , Han Y ,et al. 2023. Safety evaluation of 5% Flonicamid against Coccinella undecimpunctata [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology, 46(2): 60−63.(in Chinese)

[19] 刘海军, 骆有庆, 温俊宝, 等 . 2005. 北京地区红脂大小蠹、美国白蛾和锈色粒肩天牛风险评价[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 27(2): 81−87.

[20] Liu H J , Luo Y Q , Wen J B ,et al. 2005. Pest risk assessment of Dendroctonus valens, Hyphantria cunea and Apriona swainsoni in Beijing area [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 27(2): 81−87.(in Chinese)

[21] 刘佳 . 2024. 北京市白皮松栽培技术要点[J]. 南方农业, 18(3): 281−284.

[22] Liu J . 2024. Key points of cultivation techniques for Pinus bungeana in Beijing [J]. South China Agriculture, 18(3): 281−284.(in Chinese)

[23] 刘锦, 陈鹏, 迟宝杰, 等 . 2024. 不同杀虫剂防治苜蓿蚜虫效果及对捕食性天敌影响[J]. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版), 55(4): 587−592.

[24] Liu J , Chen P , Chi B J ,et al. 2024. Effect of different insecticides on alfalfa aphids and predatory natural enemies[J]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 55(4): 587−592.(in Chinese)

[25] 吕云彤, 张琪慧, 苑冉, 等 . 2018. 中国森林害虫化学防治研究进展[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 40(3): 543−552.

[26] Lyu Y T , Zhang Q H , Yuan R ,et al. 2018. Advances in chemical control for forest pests of China[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 40(3): 543−552.(in Chinese)

[27] 马安民 . 2020. 白皮松长足大蚜的生物学特性及其在三门峡市的发生危害特征与防治措施[J]. 绿色科技, 22(17): 186−188.

[28] Ma A M . 2020. Biological characteristics of Cinara bungeanae and its occurrence,damage and control measures in Sanmenxia City [J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 22(17): 186−188.(in Chinese)

[29] 马铤 . 2022. 苦参碱对豌豆蚜的毒杀作用机理研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学.

[30] Ma T . 2022. Study on the aphicidal mechanism of Matrine on Pea aphid [D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University.(in Chinese)

[31] 马莉军 . 2025. 小陇山林区白皮松育苗技术要点[J]. 南方农业, 19(18): 170−172.

[32] Ma L J . 2025. Seedling cultivation technology of Pinus bungeana in Xiaolongshan Forest region [J]. South China Agriculture, 19(18): 170−172.(in Chinese)

[33] 孟祥飞, 赵莹婕, 蔡晓明, 等 . 2025. 灰茶尺蠖防治药剂筛选与安全性评价[J]. 茶叶科学, 45(6): 1055−1065.

[34] Meng X F , Zhao Y J , Cai X M ,et al. 2025. Screening and safety evaluation of pesticides for Ectropis grisescens [J]. Journal of Tea Science, 45(6): 1055−1065.(in Chinese)

[35] 谭海军 . 2024. 弦音器TRPV通道及以其为靶标的杀虫剂[J]. 世界农药, 46(10): 1−19, 30.

[36] Tan H J . 2024. TRPV channels in chordotonal organs and insecticides targeting them[J]. World Pesticide, 46(10): 1−19,30.(in Chinese)

[37] 王佳庆 . 2025. 北京市白皮松栽培技术优化研究[J]. 现代园艺, 48(4): 13−14, 18.

[38] Wang J Q . 2025. Optimization research on cultivation techniques of Pinus bungeana in Beijing [J]. Modern Horticulture, 48(4): 13−14, 18.(in Chinese)

[39] 魏建荣, 王传珍, 曲花荣, 等 . 2004. 天敌昆虫对美国白蛾的生物控制研究[J]. 林业科学, 40(2): 90−95.

[40] Wei J R , Wang C Z , Qu H R ,et al. 2004. Study on biological control of fall webworm by insect natural enemy[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 40(2): 90−95.(in Chinese)

[41] 吴建挺, 徐龙祥, 赵恭文, 等 . 2022. 氟啶虫酰胺与噻虫啉复配比例筛选及对蚜虫田间防效评价[J]. 安徽农业科学, 50(18): 120−122, 169.

[42] Wu J T , Xu L X , Zhao G W ,et al. 2022. Screening of compound proportion and evaluation of field control effect of flonicamid and thiacloprid on aphids[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 50(18): 120−122, 169.(in Chinese)

[43] 吴孔明, 陆宴辉, 王振营 . 2009. 我国农业害虫综合防治研究现状与展望[J]. 昆虫知识, 46(6): 831−836.

[44] Wu K M , Lu Y H , Wang Z Y . 2009. Advance in integrated pest management of crops in China[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 46(6): 831−836.(in Chinese)

[45] 岳明珠, 马甜甜, 许江岩, 等 . 2023. 氟吡呋喃酮等六种杀虫剂对草莓蚜虫的田间防效[J]. 中南农业科技, 44(6): 16−18, 22.

[46] Yue M Z , Ma T T , Xu J Y ,et al. 2023. Field efficacy of Flupyradifurone and five other insecticides against strawberry aphid[J]. South—central Agricultural Science and Technology, 44(6): 16−18,22.(in Chinese)

[47] 张迎军, 赵倩兮, 任军玲, 等 . 2020. 不同药剂组合对石榴花期蚜虫防效试验[J]. 西北园艺(10): 41‒43.

[48] Zhang Y J , Zhao Q X , Ren J L ,et al. 2020. Efficacy test of different pesticide combinations against aphids in pomegranate flowering period[J]. Northwest Horticulture,(10): 41‒43.(in Chinese)

[49] 张志鹏 . 2023. 大豆蚜对噻虫啉的抗性生化机制及代谢谱差异研究[D]. 天津: 天津农学院.

[50] Zhang Z P . 2023. Study on Biochemical mechanisms and differences metabolic profiles of resistance to thiacloprid in Aphis glycines [D]. Tianjin: Tianjin Agricultural University.(in Chinese)

[51] 赵金瑞 . 2012. 不同药剂对三种茄子害虫的毒力测定以及对丽蚜小蜂的安全性评估[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学.

[52] Zhao J R . 2012. Toxicities of different pesticides to 3 eggplant pests and safety evaluation of different pesticides to Encarsia formosa [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University.(in Chinese)

基金资助

北京市园林绿化科学研究院自选课题(YKYZD202603)

北京市科委课题(Z241100009124001)