新疆梭梭枝条上的一子囊菌中国新记录种

A new Chinese record of an Ascomycete on Haloxylon ammodendron branches from Xinjiang

摘要

梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.)是塔克拉玛干沙漠地区重要的防风固沙树种。2024 年 10 月，对新疆维吾尔自治区且末县沙漠公路沿线梭梭林调查发现，调查区域内 40%~60% 的梭梭出现枝干枯死、木材变色的典型症状。梭梭成片枯死将削弱其防风固沙功能并造成火灾隐患，尽快明确致病病原并制定针对性防控方案极为迫切。从病害梭梭枝干组织样品中分离获得一种真菌，结合形态学观察及基于 ITS、 rpb2 和 tef1 多基因序列的系统发育分析结果，将其鉴定为 Stilbocrea banihashemiana。该菌隶属子囊菌门 Ascomycota 肉座菌目 Hypocreales 生赤壳科 Bionectriaceae 光壳属 Stilbocrea，2022 年首次在伊朗报道，可引起枝条枯死和木材变色。该菌寄主范围广泛，无花果 Ficus carica var. Sabz、苹果 Malus domestica Borkh、葡萄 Vitis vinifera L.等均为其敏感寄主，其寄主类群与新疆广泛种植的经济作物高度重合，对新疆特色林果业构成潜在入侵风险，应加强监测与防控。研究结果为该菌在中国的首次记录。

Abstract

Haloxylon ammodendron(C. A. Mey.) is an important tree species for windbreak and sand fixation in the Taklamakan Desert region. In October 2024，a survey of H. ammodendron forests along the desert highway in Qiemo County revealed that many trees exhibited symptoms of branch dieback and wood discoloration，with the proportion of affected trees ranging from 40% to 60%. Large-scale dieback of H. ammodendron will weaken its windbreak and sand-fixation functions and pose a fire hazard. Thus，identifying the cause of the disease and implementing control measures is urgently needed. In this study，a fungal isolate was obtained from symptomatic branches of diseased H. ammodendron. Based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses using combined ITS，rpb2，and tef1 gene sequences，the isolate was identified as Stilbocrea banihashemiana. This fungus belongs to the genus Stilbocrea (Bionectriaceae，Hypocreales，Ascomycota) and was first reported in Iran in 2022 as a pathogen causing branch dieback and wood discoloration. According to previous reports，this fungus has a broad host range，including Ficus carica var. Sabz， Malus domestica Borkh，and Vitis vinifera L. As its hosts are economically important and widely cultivated in Xinjiang，Stilbocrea banihashemiana poses a potential invasive risk to the local fruit industry. Therefore，enhanced monitoring and control measures are recommended. This study represents the first record of S. banihashemiana in China.

关键词

生赤壳科 / 梭梭 / 枝干枯死 / 木材变色 / 中国新记录种 / 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Key words

Bionectriaceae / Haloxylon ammodendron / branch dieback / wood discoloration / new record species for China / Taklimakan Desert

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基金资助

科技部重点研发项目(2022YFC2601603)