九江市中心城区2019—2023年乙肝流行病学特征分析
Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in the central urban area of Jiujiang City from 2019 to 2023
目的 分析2019—2023年九江市中心城区乙肝流行病学特征和2021—2023年乙肝表面抗原(Hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)阳性母亲所产婴儿乙肝疫苗接种情况,为针对性制定防控措施提供依据。 方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中导出2019—2023年九江中心城区乙肝年报告发病率和传染病报告卡,通过江西省免疫规划信息系统对九江中心城区产科医院2021—2023年HBsAg阳性母亲所产婴儿查询乙肝疫苗接种情况,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。 结果 2019—2023年九江中心城区乙肝年报告发病率呈上升趋势,年均发病率为156.30/10万;共报告病例3 404例,男女比为1.59∶1,20~69岁年龄人群占91.16%;报告职业以待业、离退休人员、农民及公共场所服务人员为主(85.40%),主要分布于人民路街道、甘棠街道、向阳街道、滨兴街道、白水湖街道(77.26%);HBsAg阳性母亲所产婴儿乙肝疫苗第一针接种率99.63%,及时率95.69%。 结论 2019—2023年九江中心城区乙肝报告发病率较高,且呈上升趋势,以成年男性为主;HBsAg阳性母亲所产婴儿乙肝疫苗接种率和及时率高,应持续开展母婴阻断免疫措施,开展乙肝危险因素研究,强化成年人乙肝防控措施,从而降低全体人群乙肝发病率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in the central urban area of Jiujiang City from 2019 to 2023 and the hepatitis B vaccination status of infants born to mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from 2021 to 2023, and to provide a basis for the targeted formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods The annual reported incidence rate and annual reported cases of hepatitis B in the central urban area of Jiujiang City from 2019 to 2023 were derived from the Chinese disease prevention and control information system. The vaccination status of infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers from 2021 to 2023 in Maternity Hospital of Jiujiang central urban area was queried through the Jiangxi Provincial immunization planning information system, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis. Results From 2019 to 2023, the annual reported incidence rate of hepatitis B in Jiujiang central urban area showed an upward trend,with an annual average of 156.30/100 000. A total of 3 404 cases were reported, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.59∶1. Among the reported cases, individuals aged 20 to 69 accounted for 91.16%. The main occupations were unemployment, retired people, farmers, and public service personnel (85.40%), which were mainly distributed in Renmin Road, Gantang Street, Xiangyang Street, Binxing Street, and Baishuihu Street (77.26%). The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine for infants born to HBsAg positive mothers was 99.63%, and the timely rate was 95.69%. Conclusion In the past five years, the incidence rate of hepatitis B reported in the central urban area of Jiujiang City is relatively high,and it is on the rise, mainly for adult males; the vaccination rate and timely rate of hepatitis B vaccine for infants born to HBsAg positive mothers are high. It is necessary to continue to carry out maternal and infant immunization blocking measures, carry out research on hepatitis B risk factors, and strengthen the prevention and control measures for adults with hepatitis B, so as to reduce the incidence of hepatitis B in the whole population.
Hepatitis B / Epidemiological characteristics / Incidence / Prevention and control measures
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