2014—2024年赣州市农村饮用水细菌类微生物指标监测结果分析
Analysis of bacterial microbiological indicators monitoring results of rural drinking water in Ganzhou City from 2014 to 2024
目的 掌握赣州市农村饮用水细菌类微生物污染现状及影响因素,为政府制定改善本地区农村饮用水水质卫生的有关措施提供参考。 方法 在“全国饮用水水质信息监测系统”中获取2014—2024年赣州市农村饮用水监测数据,主要包括总大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌、耐热大肠菌群和菌落总数4项细菌类微生物指标。年度间饮用水细菌类微生物指标总合格率变化采用卡方趋势性检验,4项饮用水细菌类微生物指标合格率的两两比较采用Bonferroni校正法,校正后检验水准α'=0.05/6=0.008 3。不同特征饮用水细菌类微生物指标合格率的比较采用卡方检验,并对饮用水细菌类微生物指标的影响因素采用Logistic回归分析。 结果 2014—2024年赣州市共检测16 140份农村饮用水,合格率68.43%,且2014—2024年饮用水菌类微生物指标检测合格率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=5 457.80,P<0.001)。2014—2024年赣州市农村饮用水细菌类微生物指标中总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌、菌落总数合格率分别为70.71%、69.60%、96.21%、89.39%,各指标合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4 882.12,P<0.001)。总大肠菌群与耐热大肠菌群合格率差异无统计学意义(P=0.036),其余差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.008 3)。枯水期饮用水细菌类微生物指标合格率(70.40%)高于丰水期(66.46%)、地表水饮用水细菌类微生物指标合格率(70.20%)高于地下水(62.55%)、出厂水饮用水细菌类微生物指标合格率(69.30%)高于末梢水(67.77%)、有卫生许可证水厂饮用水细菌类微生物指标合格率(83.10%)高于无卫生许可证水厂(65.39%)、消毒的饮用水细菌类微生物指标合格率(82.03%)高于未消毒的(44.45%),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,丰水期、末梢水、水厂无卫生许可证、饮用水未消毒的细菌类微生物指标不合格风险分别是枯水期、出厂水、水厂有卫生许可证、饮用水消毒的1.362、1.239、1.390、2.312倍。与2014年相比,2015—2017年饮用水细菌类微生物不合格风险差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而2018—2023年的细菌类微生物指标不合格风险均低于2014年(P均<0.05)。 结论 2014—2024年赣州市农村饮用水细菌类微生物污染状况稳步改善,相关监管部门应加强对农村水厂的常态化监管,并系统化开展从业人员的技术培训。水厂应持续规范饮用水消毒流程,严格执行供水设施与管网的维护制度,并建立定期、可靠的水质监测体系,降低介水传染病的发生风险。
Objective : To understand the current status and influencing factors of microbial contamination in rural drinking water in Ganzhou City, providing references for the government to develop measures to improve the quality of drinking water in this region. Methods The monitoring data of rural drinking water in Ganzhou City from 2014 to 2024 were obtained from the "National Drinking Water Quality Information Monitoring System", mainly including four bacterial microbial indicators: total coliforms, Escherichia coli, thermotolerant coliforms and total colony count. The chi-square trend test was used to analyze the changes in the total qualified rate of drinking water bacterial microbial indicators between years. The Bonferroni correction method was used for pairwise comparison of the qualified rates of the four drinking water bacterial microbial indicators, with the corrected significance level α'=0.05/6=0.008 3. The chi-square test was used to compare the qualified rates of drinking water bacterial microbial indicators among different characteristics, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of drinking water bacterial microbial indicators. Results From 2014 to 2024, a total of 16 140 rural drinking water samples were tested in Ganzhou City. Among them, 11 044 samples met the bacterial and microbial standards, with a compliance rate of 68.43%. The compliance rate of bacterial and microbial indicators in drinking water showed an upward trend from 2014 to 2024 (χ2trend=5 457.80,P <0.001). During the period from 2014 to 2024, the compliance rates of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total colony count in rural drinking water in Ganzhou City were 70.71%, 69.60%, 96.21%, and 89.39% respectively. There were statistically significant differences among these compliance rates (χ2=4 882.12,P <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the compliance rates of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms (P=0.036), while the differences in the other indicators were statistically significant (P<0.008 3). The compliance rate of bacterial and microbial indicators in drinking water during the dry season (70.40%) was higher than that during the wet season (66.46%), the compliance rate of surface water drinking water (70.20%) was higher than that of groundwater (62.55%), the compliance rate of drinking water at the water outlet (69.30%) was higher than that of the end water (67.77%), and the compliance rate of drinking water from water plants with a hygiene license (83.10%) was higher than that from water plants without a hygiene license (65.39%). The compliance rate of drinking water after disinfection (82.03%) was higher than that of untreated drinking water (44.45%), and all differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of non-compliance with bacterial and microbial indicators in drinking water during the wet season, in end water, in water plants without a hygiene license, and in untreated drinking water was 1.362, 1.239, 1.390, and 2.312 times that during the dry season, in water at the water outlet, in water plants with a hygiene license, and in disinfected drinking water, respectively. Compared with 2014, there was no significant difference in the risk of non-compliance with microbial indicators in drinking water from 2015 to 2017 (P >0.05), while the risk of non-compliance with bacterial and microbial indicators from 2018 to 2023 was lower than that in 2014 (P <0.05). Conclusion From 2014 to 2024, the contamination situation of bacterial microorganisms in rural drinking water in Ganzhou City has steadily improved. Relevant regulatory authorities should strengthen the regular supervision of rural water plants and systematically carry out technical training for practitioners. Water plants should continuously standardize the disinfection process of drinking water, strictly implement the maintenance system for water supply facilities and pipelines, and establish a regular and reliable water quality monitoring system to reduce the risk of water-borne infectious diseases.
农村 / 饮用水 / 微生物 / 影响因素分析 / 监测分析
Rural area / Drinking water / Microbe / Root cause analysis / Monitoring analysis
| [1] |
曹秋丽.农村饮水安全巩固提升研究[J].陕西水利,2024(2):121-123. |
| [2] |
杨克敌,郑玉建,郭新彪, |
| [3] |
WHO.Guidelines for drinking-water quality:fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda[EB/OL].(2022-03-21)[2025-02-12]. |
| [4] |
袁志平,李建华,金美兰, |
| [5] |
中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 生活饮用水卫生标准:GB 5749-2006 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007. |
| [6] |
国家市场监督管理总局,国家标准化管理委员会. 生活饮用水卫生标准:GB 5749-2022 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2022. |
| [7] |
WHO.Drinking-water[EB/OL].(2023-09-13)[2025-02-12]. |
| [8] |
刘建明,仝志琴,杨闪, |
| [9] |
李莹,杨永建,陈凡.2016—2022年沈阳市农村饮水安全工程饮用水水质变化及分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2024,41(5):420-424. |
| [10] |
赵端阳,曹胜男,班红芳, |
| [11] |
赣州市人民政府.关于印发赣州市农村饮水安全巩固提升“百日攻坚行动”实施方案的通知[R/OL].(2021-07-09)[2025-02-12]. |
| [12] |
屈龙,赵明强,王焕新, |
| [13] |
向轩萱,何玲玲,文献英.2016—2023年绵阳市农村饮用水微生物合格情况分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2025,41(1):138-144. |
| [14] |
李继芳,崔仲明,王舒.2017—2019年辽宁省农村学校饮用水微生物污染状况分析[J].现代预防医学,2020,47(21):4006-4010. |
| [15] |
王舒,崔仲明,李继芳.2014—2019年辽宁省农村生活饮用水微生物监测结果分析[J].职业与健康,2021,37(10):1388-1391. |
| [16] |
张卫星.安阳县2017—2019年农村生活饮用水微生物指标检测结果分析[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2020,26(6):482-484. |
| [17] |
陈绍伟,杨炜毓,黄梓培, |
| [18] |
熊传龙,张永,陈志健, |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |