颈脑一体化超声对颈内动脉颅内段狭窄或闭塞颅内外血流动力学特征分析
Analysis of intracranial and extracranial hemodynamic characteristics of carotid artery intracranial stenosis or occlusion by integrated carotid brain ultrasound
目的 分析颈内动脉颅内段(Intracranial internal carotid artery,IICA)狭窄或闭塞患者颅内外血流动力学特征,并探讨颈脑一体化超声的临床价值。 方法 选取2022年1月—2023年8月景德镇市第二人民医院收治的单侧IICA中重度狭窄或闭塞患者60例,IICA狭窄或闭塞侧为研究组,健侧为对照组。采用颈脑一体化超声(即颈动脉超声联合经颅彩色多普勒超声)检测颈内动脉颅外段(Extracranial internal carotid artery,EICA)的管径(Diameter,D)、收缩期峰值流速(Peak systolic velocity,PSV)、舒张期末流速(End diastolic velocity,EDV)、阻力指数(Resistance index,RI),以及大脑中动脉(Middle cerebral artery,MCA)的PSV、EDV、搏动指数(Pulse index,PI),分析2组间上述参数的差异、患侧EICA和MCA超声特征,以及颈动脉超声与颈脑一体化超声对IICA中重度狭窄或闭塞的诊断效能。 结果 研究组EICA的D、PSV、EDV均低于对照组,RI高于对照组。研究组MCA的PSV和PI低于对照组,研究组MCA的EDV高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以计算机断层成像血管造影(Computed tomography angiography,CTA)为诊断标准,颈脑一体化超声诊断IICA狭窄或闭塞的敏感度、特异度、准确性均高于颈动脉超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。一致性检验结果显示,颈动脉超声与CTA一致性中等,颈脑一体化超声与CTA一致性较高,Kappa值分别为0.533、0.833。ROC曲线表明颈脑一体化超声诊断效能高于颈动脉超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 IICA中重度狭窄或闭塞时,患侧EICA的D、PSV、EDV、RI,以及患侧MCA的PSV、EDV、PI都有特征性变化。颈脑一体化超声可以客观评价这种特征性变化,具有较高诊断效能。
Objective : To analyze the hemodynamic characteristics of intracranial and extracranial blood flow in patients with intracranial internal carotid artery (IICA) stenosis or occlusion, and to explore the clinical value of integrated cervical cerebral ultrasound. Methods Sixty patients with moderate to severe stenosis or occlusion of unilateral IICA admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected, with the affected side as the study group and the healthy side as the control group. Integrated carotid brain ultrasound was used, which combines carotid artery ultrasound with transcranial color doppler ultrasound, to detect the diameter (D),peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI),and middle cerebral artery (MCA) PSV, EDV,and pulsatility index (PI) of the extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA). The differences were analysed in these parameters between the two groups, the ultrasound characteristics of the affected side EICA and MCA, and the diagnostic efficacy of carotid artery ultrasound and integrated carotid brain ultrasound for moderate to severe stenosis or occlusion in IICA. Results The D,PSV,and EDV of EICA in the study group were lower than those in the control group, while RI was higher than that in the control group. The PSVand PI of MCA in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the EDV of MCA in the study group was higher than that in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).Using computed tomography angiography as the diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of integrated cervical brain ultrasound in diagnosing IICA stenosis or occlusion were higher than those of carotid artery ultrasound, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The consistency test results showed that the consistency between carotid artery and CTA was moderate, while the consistency between integrated carotid brain ultrasound and CTA was high, with Kappa values of 0.533 and 0.833, respectively. The ROC curve indicated that the diagnostic efficiency of integrated cervical brain ultrasound was higher than that of carotid artery ultrasound,and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion When IICA stenosis or occlusion occurs, there are characteristic changes in the D, PSV, EDV, RI of the affected EICA, as well as the PSV, EDV, PI of the affected MCA. Cervical brain integrated ultrasound can objectively evaluate these characteristic changes and has high diagnostic efficacy.
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