手持式皮肤镜：工作原理、临床应用及未来展望

Handheld dermoscope： working principles， clinical applications， and future perspectives

摘要

手持式皮肤镜（Handheld dermoscope），又称皮肤镜或表皮透照显微镜（Epiluminescence microscopy，ELM），是一种广泛应用于皮肤科的无创诊断工具。该设备通过将光学放大系统与照明系统相结合，使皮肤科医师能够清晰观察到肉眼难以识别的细微结构特征，如色素分布及血管形态等。随着技术的不断进步，手持式皮肤镜已从传统纯光学仪器发展为集成数字成像功能的现代化设备，成为皮肤科常规诊断与治疗过程中不可或缺的重要组成部分。本文综述了手持式皮肤镜的工作原理及其分类，重点阐述了其在多种皮肤疾病中的临床应用，并进一步探讨了其未来发展方向，尤其是与人工智能技术相结合以提升诊断准确性的研究前景。

Abstract

Handheld dermoscopes， also known as dermatoscopes or devices for epiluminescence microscopy， are non-invasive diagnostic tools widely used in dermatology. They combine optical magnification with an illumination system， allowing dermatologists to observe subtle features clearly， such as pigment distribution and vascular morphology that are difficult to detect with the naked eye. With technological advancements， handheld dermoscopes have evolved from traditional optical instruments to modern devices with integrated digital imaging functions. They have become essential components of routine dermatological diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the working principles and classification of handheld dermoscopes， highlights its clinical applications across multiple dermatological conditions and delves into potential future research directions， particularly the integration with artificial intelligence for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.

关键词

手持式皮肤镜 / 皮肤镜检查 / 偏振 / 工作原理 / 临床应用

Key words

Handheld dermoscope / Dermoscopy / Polarization / Working principle / Clinical applications