野生动物友好型农业研究与实践进展
Progress in Research and Practice of Wildlife-Friendly Farming
全球人口增长带来的粮食需求增加,导致农业用地不断扩张与农药化肥过量使用,这是造成野生动物生境丧失、破碎化及质量下降的主要原因之一。野生动物友好型农业(wildlife-friendly farming, WFF)作为一种新兴农业模式,为缓解农业发展与野生动物保护之间的矛盾提供了可行路径。本研究综述了国内外相关研究和实践经验,梳理了WFF的起源与概念,分析了其在实践中的进展,并详细阐述了通过改造农业景观为野生动物提供栖息地的多种策略,借助经济激励手段促进野生动物保护与控制农药化肥过度使用所形成的正反馈循环,以及野生动物智慧监测技术在WFF的应用前景,并总结了当前国内外WFF的经济和社会实践。尽管WFF在小范围内的成功案例已展现出明显优势,但在更广泛的实施过程中仍面临诸多挑战,包括农业景观中野生动物监测技术落后、欠缺对气候变化的考量,以及市场机制低效、政策支持和公众意识不足等。未来,WFF需充分利用人工智能监测设备、区块链等先进技术,增强其实际应用的可行性;应因地制宜,结合不同地理区域的生态与经济需求,在政策、经济和社会层面加强协调合作,以支持可持续农业和野生动物保护的协同目标,最终实现农业地区经济利益与野生动物保护的双赢。
The increasing food demand driven by global population growth has led to the agricultural expansion and the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, which is one of the main reasons for the loss, fragmentation and quality degradation of wildlife habitats. Wildlife-friendly farming (WFF) provides as a promising model to reconcile the contradiction between agricultural development and wildlife conservation. This paper reviews the relevant research and practical experiences at home and abroad, and combs the origin and concept of WFF, and analyzes its progress in practice, and elaborates strategies to provide wildlife habitats by modifying agricultural landscapes, promoting wildlife conservation by means of economic incentives, and controlling the positive feedback loop formed by the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the application prospect of wildlife intelligent monitoring technology in WFF, and summarized the current economic and social practice of WFF at home and abroad. Despite the successful cases have demonstrated obvious benefits, there are still challenges to the wider implementation of WFF, including insufficient wildlife monitoring in agricultural landscapes, lack of climate change adaptation, inefficient market mechanisms, inadequate policy support and low public awareness. In the future, efforts should focus on advanced technologies such as AI monitoring equipment and block chain to enhance the feasibility of its practical application, and strengthen collaboration at policy, economic, and social levels to synergize sustainable agriculture and wildlife conservation, and ultimately achieve a win-win situation for the economic benefits of agriculture areas and wildlife conservation.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF130500206)
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