2.School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt,Wuhu 241002,China
3.School of Life Sciences,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China
Huangshan-Huaiyu Mountain is a priority area for biodiversity conservation in China. Under the combined influence of monsoon climate and human land development, bird diversity in the area may show a unique pattern under the influence of different habitats and seasonal changes. In order to find out this issue, we used the line transect method to investigate birds in three different habitats of township, mountain and wetland in Huangshan District, Huangshan City, Anhui Pro-vince in four quarters from March 2023 to February 2024. The results showed that (1) a total of 5 524 birds of 194 species of 18 orders and 55 families were recorded, five species of birds under the national first-level key protection, and 33 species of birds under the national second-level key protection, showing rich and valuable bird species resources. From the point of view of bird fauna, there were 95 species of the Oriental type, 76 species of the Palaearctic type, and 23 species of the wide-spread type, with Oriental type dominating, and the bird fauna was characterized by north-south penetration. From the viewpoint of bird residence type, 95 species of resident birds account for 48.97% of the total number of birds, 34 species of summer migrants account for 17.53%, 49 species of winter migrants account for 25.26%, and 16 species of passing birds account for 8.25%. (2) The composition of bird communities had seasonal differences, with the highest number of species and number of birds in spring and the lowest number of species and number of birds in winter; the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of birds was the highest in spring and the lowest in winter; the Simpson diversity index and the Pielou evenness index were the highest in summer. (3) In different habitats, mountain (M) habitat had the most bird species and wetland (W) had the least; whereas wetland habitat was found to have the highest number of birds and township (T) had the least. Mountain habitat had the highest Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou index of birds, and wetland habitat had the lowest. The diversity of birds in mountain habitats was high, with a more stable community structure and the most endemic species; the dissimilarity of bird communities among the three habitats was measured by the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, and the dissimilarity between townships and mountains was the lowest, that with wetlands was higher, and that between mountains and wetlands was the highest. This study provides a scientific basis for the accurate formulation of bird diversity conservation strategies in Huangshan District.
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