一种大型鸟类无损可逆的限飞方法
秦翠平 , 刘辉 , 马雪峰 , 何相宝 , 李晓敏 , 徐艳春 , 杨淑慧
野生动物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (01) : 133 -139.
一种大型鸟类无损可逆的限飞方法
A Non-Invasive and Reversible Method for Large Bird Flight Restraint
在动物园、野生动物救护中心等迁地保护机构的鸟类饲养管理中,限制飞行是一项必要措施。传统限飞方法主要包括手术永久性改变骨骼或筋腱、捆扎翅膀以限制其展开,以及直接剪除部分飞羽。这些方法往往造成不可逆的损伤,并且影响鸟类外观和观赏性。初级飞羽相邻的羽枝、羽小枝构成“沟槽”状结构,该结构能在扑翼时提供推力。本研究根据这一原理,使用电烙铁对初级飞羽腹面的羽枝轴进行熨烫,以破坏上述结构,使其丧失空气动力功能,进而使鸟类失去有效飞行能力。对13种55只大型鸟类(包括雁鸭类、鹤类、鹳类等)的限飞实验表明,仅处理双侧翅膀前3~5枚初级飞羽后,53只个体(96.4%)丧失了有效飞行能力。这种限飞方法对鸟类无损伤,不影响外观;除飞行外,取食、求偶、交配等其他行为均未受到干扰;鸟类在换羽后能自然恢复飞行能力。该方法使用常见的电烙铁,操作简便快捷(约10 min/只),减少了鸟类的应激,易于推广。作为一种高效、无损伤、可逆且动物福利友好型的大型鸟类限飞技术,其尤其适用于迁地保护场景,能在保证饲养管理安全的同时,满足鸟类健康管理与未来放归的需求。
Flight restriction is an essential measure in the captive management of birds within ex situ conservation institutions, such as zoos and wildlife rescue centers. Traditional flight restriction methods primarily include surgical procedures that permanently alter bones or tendons, binding wing to restrict its extension, and direct clipping of partial primary feathers. These methods often cause irreversible damage and impair the birds’ appearance and ornamental value. The adjacent barbs and barbules of primary feathers form a “groove”-like structure, which provides thrust during wing flapping. Based on this principle, an electric soldering iron was used to iron the barb shafts on the ventral surface of primary feathers, thereby the aforementioned structure was destroyed, and its aerodynamic function and the birds’ further effective flight ability were deprived. 55 large-sized birds of 13 species (including Anatidae, Gruidae, Ciconiidae, etc.) were subjected to flight restriction experiments, and 53 individuals (96.4%) lost their effective flight ability when only the first 3-5 primary feathers on both wings were treated. This method did not damage the birds and did not affect their appearance; apart from flight, other behaviors such as foraging, courtship, and mating were not disturbed. Birds can naturally recover flight ability after molting. This method utilizes an available electric soldering iron, which is simple and rapid to operate (approximately 10 minutes per bird), reduces stress of birds and is easy to popularize. As an efficient, non-invasive, reversible, and animal welfare-friendly flight restriction technique for large-sized birds, it is particularly suitable for ex situ conservation scenarios, which can ensure the safety of captive management while meeting the requirements for bird health management and potential future release.
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
中国野生动物保护协会,北京市野生动物救护中心,湖北省野生动物救护研究开发中心.野生动物救护技术手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2015: 2; 9. |
| [8] |
China Wildlife Conservation Association, Beijing Wildlife Rescue Center, Hubei Provincial Wildlife Rescue, Research and Deve-lopment Center. Wildlife rescue technical manual [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2015: 2; 9. |
| [9] |
李冰. 鸟类初级飞羽微观结构与飞行性能相关性的初步研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学, 2008. |
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
|
国家自然科学基金面上项目(30870293)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |