基于粪便皮质醇的野化放归大熊猫应激性研究
杨波 , 严啸 , 何胜山 , 牟仕杰 , 刘晓强 , 冯高志 , 周季秋 , 杨洪 , 张大磊 , 吴代福 , 罗波 , 周晓
野生动物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 225 -232.
基于粪便皮质醇的野化放归大熊猫应激性研究
Stress Response of Wildness Training and Translocation Giant Pandas Based on Fecal Cortisol
保护性易位是野生动物保护的重要手段之一,易位过程会给动物带来不同程度的应激压力,可能影响其放归后的健康状态和生存力,在动物保护计划中应充分考虑。大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)是生物多样性保护的旗舰物种,其放归工作成效显著,但对野化放归大熊猫的应激性研究鲜有报道。本研究收集了2010—2017年出生的12只圈养大熊猫在不同野化培训阶段和其放归后(其中4只)的粪便样品,以及圈养与野生大熊猫的粪便样品,测定并比较粪便皮质醇水平。结果显示:野化放归大熊猫在培训第二阶段的皮质醇水平显著低于第一阶段,放归后显著低于培训第二阶段,且放归后个体与野生个体无显著差异;此外,野化培训个体的皮质醇水平显著低于圈养个体。结果表明,随着野化培训阶段的递进,大熊猫粪便皮质醇水平逐渐降低并趋近野生个体水平。本研究积累了野化放归大熊猫的基础生理数据,对大熊猫野化放归与迁地保护具有指导意义,建议将粪便皮质醇监测纳入野化放归大熊猫的长期监测工作中。
Conservation translocation is one of the important methods for wildlife protection, and the process of translocation could bring different degrees of stress to animals, which might affect the health status and survival of translocated animals after release, which should be fully considered in animal protection programs. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a flagship species of biodiversity conservation, with remarkable achievements in wildness training and release, but there are few reports on the stress response of wildness training and released giant pandas. In this study, 12 captive giant pandas born between 2010 and 2017 were studied, and fecal samples were collected from them at different training stages and from four of them after release, as well as from captive and wild giant pandas. Fecal cortisol levels from all samples were measured and compared respectively. The results showed that cortisol level of the giant pandas in the se-cond stage of wildness training was significantly lower than that in the first stage, and that after release was also significantly lower than that in the second training stage, and there was no significant difference between the released and wild individuals. In addition, cortisol levels were significantly lower in wildness training individuals than in captive individuals. The results indicated that with the progress of training and release stages, the fecal cortisol concentration of giant pandas in wildness training and translocation program gradually decreased and approached that of wild giant pandas. This study accumulated basic physiological data of wildness training and released giant pandas, which had guiding significance for the translocation and ex-situ conservation of giant pandas. It was suggested that fecal cortisol concentration be included in the long-term monitoring content of giant panda wildness training and release program.
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