6061铝合金激光焊温度场流场数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field and Flow Field in 6061 Aluminum Alloy Laser Welding

摘要

为了研究铝合金激光焊接过程中的熔池流动行为，建立了三维瞬态传质传热数值模型，对6061铝合金激光焊温度场-流场进行分析。当激光热效率设定为60%时，功率2500W和3500W的激光焊不能熔透4mm厚的6061铝合金焊件，而激光功率为4500W时可以使焊件熔透。焊件熔透前，熔池形成三种流动趋势，匙孔底部的向下流动、匙孔前壁的顺时针向下流动以及匙孔后部的逆时针流动。焊件熔透后熔池主要存在四种流动趋势，匙孔底部的向下流动、匙孔前壁的顺时针向下流动、匙孔后部的逆时针涡流以及焊件底部熔透处的向上流动。

Abstract

To investigate the molten pool flow behavior during laser welding of aluminum alloys, a three-dimensional transient mass and heat transfer numerical model was established to analyze the temperature field and flow field in laser welding of 6061 aluminum alloys. When the laser thermal efficiency was set to 60%, the weldment of 6061 aluminum alloy of 4-mm-thick could not be penetrated by the laser welding with the power of 2500W and 3500W. While the weldment could be penetrated when the laser power was 4500W. Before the weldment penetration, there were three flow trends in the molten pool, downward flow at the bottom of the keyhole, clockwise downward flow at the front of the keyhole, and counterclockwise flow at the back of the keyhole. After the weldment penetration, there were four flow trends in the molten pool, downward flow at the bottom of the keyhole, clockwise downward flow at the front of the keyhole, counterclockwise flow at the back of the keyhole, and upward flow at the bottom of the molten pool.

关键词

6061铝合金 / 激光焊接 / 温度场 / 流场

Key words

6061 aluminum alloy / laser welding / temperature field / flow field

参考文献

[1] 许芙蓉, 杨立军, 王金杰. 6061铝合金薄板激光焊工艺试验研究[J]. 兰州石化职业技术大学学报, 2023, 23(3):11-13.

[2] 杨帆, 陈芙蓉. A-UIT处理对7075铝合金焊接应力影响的数值模拟[J]. 焊接学报, 2021, 42(12):91-96.

[3] 马俊雅, 李静静. 航空航天用高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状与发展[J]. 材料研究与应用, 2023, 17(1):79-86.

[4] 康悦, 占小红, 封小松, 等. 6061铝合金激光焊温度场与应力场数值模拟研究[J]. 上海航天(中英文), 2020, 37(6):58-63+68.

[5] 李京. 高速列车6061铝合金激光焊接工艺研究[D]. 石家庄: 石家庄铁道大学, 2015.

[6] 黄立进, 刘鹏, 朱苏, 等. 铝合金激光焊气孔数值模拟[J]. 造船技术, 2020(2):1-6+12.

[7] 穆绍帅. 6061-T6中厚板铝合金激光焊接工艺参数研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2019.

[8] 胥国祥, 郭庆虎, 胡庆贤, 等. 中厚板铝合金光纤激光+MIG复合热源焊残余应力的数值分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(2):77-83.

[9] 姜自立. 小电流脉冲GMA辅助大功率固体激光焊接过程数值分析[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2020.

[10] 朱桢. 6061/5182异种铝合金激光焊接接头组织与性能研究[D]. 苏州: 苏州大学, 2022.