硬质聚氨酯泡沫增强改性的研究

Study on reinforced modification of rigid polyurethane foam

摘要

硬质聚氨酯泡沫是一种优异的高分子材料，由于其具有比强度较高、冲击性能较好、力学性能优异等特性，被广泛应用于绝缘材料、隔热保温材料，建筑墙体保温材料及路面修补等。但是，硬质聚氨酯作为结构材料时需要承担一定的载荷，其绝对强度与结构材料相比较低，且力学性能较差，并不能满足某些特定领域的需要，需进行增强改性处理。目前，针对硬质聚氨酯增强改性研究取得了显著的进展，可通过化学改性、物理改性及结构设计等三种途径来提升硬质聚氨酯机械性能。本文基于改性机理，对国内外硬质聚氨酯泡沫增强改性研究现状及存在问题进行分析，且对硬质聚氨酯泡沫的发展前景进行展望。

Abstract

Rigid polyurethane foam is an excellent polymer material, known for its high specific strength, good impact performance, and superior mechanical properties. It is widely used in insulation materials, thermal insulation and heat preservation materials, building wall insulation, and road surface repairs. However, when used as a structural material, rigid polyurethane must bear certain loads. Its absolute strength and mechanical properties are relatively low compared to those of structural materials, which limits its application in certain specific fields. Therefore, it requires reinforcement and modification treatments. Significant progress has been made in the research on reinforcing and modifying rigid polyurethane foam, which can enhance its mechanical properties through chemical modification, physical modification, and structural design. This article analyzes the current status and existing issues of research on reinforcing and modifying rigid polyurethane foam both domestically and internationally, based on the mechanisms of modification, and also looks forward to the future development prospects of rigid polyurethane foam.

关键词

硬质聚氨酯泡沫 / 增强改性 / 化学改性 / 物理改性 / 结构设计

Key words

rigid polyurethane foam / reinforced modification / chemical modification / physical modification / structural design

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基金资助

兵团重大科技项目-功能性聚氯乙烯基绿色建材关键技术研究与示范(2024AA006)