基于钙钛矿电池剖析太阳能光伏材料发电技术的研究进展

Research progress on power generation technology of solar photovoltaic materials Based on perovskite cells

摘要

钙钛矿电池作为高效低成本太阳能光伏材料，因优异光电转换效率（单结>33%，叠层>35%）及可柔性化特性备受关注。本文综述其在发电技术中的核心进展：材料组分优化通过混合阳离子（FA+/MA+/Cs+）与卤素梯度设计，提升稳定性与载流子迁移率；界面工程利用SnO₂/Spiro-OMeTAD等功能层与二维钙钛矿钝化技术，抑制复合损耗并延长寿命。环保方向聚焦无铅锡/铋基材料及生物降解封装技术，推动可持续发展。同时，探讨了规模化制备与环境稳定性挑战，提出光-热电协同优化与AI设计策略，为开发高效稳定绿色光伏技术提供参考。

Abstract

Perovskite cells, as efficient and low-cost solar photovoltaic materials, have attracted much attention due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency (single-junction > 33%, tandem > 35%) and flexible characteristics. This paper reviews its core progress in power generation technology: Material component optimization improves stability and carrier mobility through the gradient design of mixed cations (FA+/MA+/Cs+) and halogens; Interface engineering utilizes functional layers such as SnO₂/ Spiro-OMeTAD and two-dimensional perovskite passivation technology to suppress recombination loss and extend service life. The environmental protection direction focuses on lead-free tin/bismuth substrate materials and biodegradable packaging technologies to promote sustainable development. Meanwhile, the challenges of large-scale preparation and environmental stability were discussed, and the strategies of photovoltaic-thermoelectric collaborative optimization and AI design were proposed, providing a reference for the development of efficient and stable green photovoltaic technologies.

关键词

钙钛矿电池 / 太阳能光伏材料 / 光电转换效率 / 发电技术 / 界面工程

Key words

Perovskite battery / Solar photovoltaic materials / Photoelectric conversion efficiency / Power generation technology / Interface engineering

参考文献

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