钕铁硼永磁体稀土元素回收进展

Progress in rare earth element recovery of NdFeB permanent magnets

摘要

钕铁硼（NdFeB）作为第三代稀土永磁材料，凭借高磁能积、高矫顽力、高能量密度等优异性能，广泛应用于新能源汽车、风电设备、消费电子等领域。本文综述当前NdFeB废料主流回收技术的基本原理与研究进展，并详细分析了各技术的优缺点。同时，针对现有技术面临的纯度-能耗-成本“不可能三角”挑战，对从NdFeB中回收稀土的技术未来发展方向进行了展望，并针对后续研究重点提出了相关建议，以期推动该领域的技术进步与稀土产业的可持续发展。

Abstract

As the third-generation rare earth permanent magnet material, NdFeB is widely used in new energy vehicles, wind power equipment, consumer electronics and other fields due to its excellent properties such as high magnetic energy product, high coercivity and high energy density. This paper summarizes the basic principles and research progress of the current mainstream recycling technologies for NdFeB waste, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each technology in detail. At the same time, aiming at the “impossible triangle” challenge of purity - energy consumption - cost faced by existing technologies, it looks forward to the future development direction of technologies for recovering rare earths from NdFeB, and puts forward relevant suggestions for the focus of subsequent research, in order to promote the technological progress in this field and the sustainable development of the rare earth industry.

关键词

钕铁硼废料 / 稀土元素 / 回收 / 湿法冶金 / 火法冶金

Key words

NdFeB waste / Rare earth elements / Recycling / Hydrometallurgy / Pyrometallurgy

参考文献

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基金资助

广西崇左科技计划“特色物性稀土粉体新材料重点实验室”(2023ZY00503)

中央引导地方科技发展资金“电子工业等高端领域用超高纯稀散金属粉体新材料研发科技创新基地”(桂科ZY24212006)