钛合金TC4加工过程中残余应力演变及控制技术研究

Research on Residual Stress Evolution and Control Technology in Titanium Alloy TC4 Machining

摘要

钛合金TC4因具有高比强度、优异的耐蚀性和高温性能，被广泛应用于航空航天、能源装备及生物医疗等领域。然而，其在切削加工过程中易产生较大的残余应力，严重影响零件的尺寸精度、疲劳寿命与服役稳定性。本文通过分析TC4合金在切削、磨削及热处理过程中的残余应力演变规律，揭示了热—力—相变耦合作用下的应力形成机制。研究表明，切削温度、进给速度、刀具磨损及冷却条件是影响应力分布的关键因素。基于实验与有限元模拟结果，本文提出了多场协同控制策略，包括低温冷却技术、振动切削、激光表面调控及超声冲击处理等方法，以实现残余应力的有效调控与应力场优化。研究成果为钛合金精密加工及服役性能提升提供了理论依据与技术路径。

Abstract

Titanium alloy TC4, renowned for its high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance, is widely used in aerospace, energy equipment, and biomedical fields. However, it tends to generate significant residual stresses during machining processes, severely affecting dimensional accuracy, fatigue life, and service stability of components. This study analyzes the evolution patterns of residual stresses in TC4 alloy during cutting, grinding, and heat treatment processes, revealing the stress formation mechanism under the coupled effects of thermal, mechanical, and phase transformation. The research demonstrates that cutting temperature, feed rate, tool wear, and cooling conditions are critical factors influencing stress distribution. Based on experimental and finite element simulation results, this paper proposes a multi-field coordinated control strategy incorporating low-temperature cooling technology, vibration cutting, laser surface modification, and ultrasonic impact treatment to achieve effective residual stress regulation and stress field optimization. The findings provide theoretical foundations and technical pathways for improving precision machining and service performance of titanium alloys.

关键词

钛合金TC4 / 残余应力 / 应力演变 / 切削机理 / 应力控制

Key words

titanium alloy TC4 / residual stress / stress evolution / cutting mechanism / stress control

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