不同基材金属防腐涂层的附着力与耐蚀性对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Adhesion and Corrosion Resistance of Metal Anti-corrosion Coatings on Different Substrates

摘要

金属防腐涂层是延长材料寿命与保障结构安全的重要技术。不同金属基材因表面能与化学活性差异，涂层附着与耐蚀性能表现不同。本文以钢、铝、铜为研究对象，比较环氧、聚氨酯与无机陶瓷涂层的附着与耐蚀机理。结果表明，钢基经喷砂或磷化处理后界面结合牢固，防护性能最佳；铝基因氧化膜存在附着力偏弱，但经阳极氧化后协同防护效果明显；铜基因电化学活性高，涂层稳定性依赖化学锚固底层。通过电化学与盐雾试验分析，揭示了基材特性与涂层体系间的耦合作用规律，为防腐体系优化提供依据。

Abstract

Metal anticorrosive coatings are crucial technologies for extending material lifespan and ensuring structural safety. The adhesion and corrosion resistance of coatings vary among different metal substrates due to differences in surface energy and chemical reactivity. This study investigates steel, aluminum, and copper substrates, comparing the adhesion and corrosion resistance mechanisms of epoxy, polyurethane, and inorganic ceramic coatings. Results demonstrate that steel substrates exhibit the strongest protective performance after sandblasting or phosphating treatments, achieving optimal interfacial bonding. Aluminum substrates show weak adhesion due to oxide films, but their anodic oxidation significantly enhances synergistic protection. Copper substrates, with high electrochemical activity, rely on chemically anchored substrates for coating stability. Through electrochemical and salt spray tests, the coupling effects between substrate properties and coating systems are revealed, providing a basis for optimizing anticorrosive systems.

关键词

金属基材 / 防腐涂层 / 附着力 / 耐蚀性 / 界面结合 / 电化学阻抗

Key words

Metal substrate / Anticorrosive coating / Adhesion / Corrosion resistance / Interfacial bonding / Electrochemical impedance

参考文献

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