高速公路龟速车现象及其对交通安全影响研究

Study on the Phenomenon of Slow-Moving Vehicles on Expressways and Their Impact on Traffic Safety

摘要

高速公路龟速车已成为威胁道路交通安全与通行效率的突出问题。本文基于综述研究，结合法规、案例及现有成果，界定龟速车内涵与认定标准，剖析成因、探讨安全影响，梳理治理成效与困境。研究发现，龟速车本质是主观违法性主导的低速行为，表现为低于法定限速或与车流速度严重失配；驾驶人认知偏差、分心驾驶、规则误解及执法不足是主要成因；其通过加剧速度差、诱发车流紊乱、滋生“路怒”，显著提升追尾、剐蹭风险，且导致通行效率下降15%以上。针对“法有规定，民却不知”的核心矛盾，提出“教育纠偏、技术赋能、执法精准”三维治理路径，为高速公路交通秩序优化与安全管理升级提供理论参考。

Abstract

Slow-moving vehicles on expressways have become a prominent problem threatening traffic safety and travel efficiency. Based on review research, combined with relevant laws and regulations, law enforcement cases and existing research results, this paper defines the connotation and identification standards of slow-moving vehicles, analyzes their causes, discusses their impacts on traffic safety, and sorts out the effectiveness and dilemmas of current governance practices. The study finds that slow-moving vehicles are essentially low-speed behaviors dominated by subjective illegality, manifested in two forms: below the statutory speed limit or seriously mismatched with the traffic flow speed. The main causes include drivers’ cognitive biases, distracted driving, misunderstanding of rules and insufficient law enforcement. By exacerbating speed differences, inducing traffic flow disorder and fostering “road rage”, slow-moving vehicles significantly increase the risk of rear-end collisions and side scratches, and reduce travel efficiency by more than 15%. To address the core contradiction of “laws exist but the public is unaware”, this paper proposes a three-dimensional governance path of “cognitive correction, technological empowerment and precise law enforcement”, providing theoretical reference for optimizing expressway traffic order and upgrading safety management.

关键词

高速公路 / 龟速车 / 交通安全 / 交通法规 / 认知偏差

Key words

expressway / slow-moving vehicle / traffic safety / traffic laws and regulations / cognitive bias

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