复杂地质条件下隧道钻爆施工参数优化与围岩稳定性分析

Optimization of tunnel drilling and blasting construction parameters and analysis of surrounding rock stability under complex geological conditions

摘要

为解决复杂地质条件下隧道钻爆施工安全与围岩稳定难题，本研究聚焦钻爆参数优化与围岩稳定性分析，综合理论分析、ANSYS及FLAC3D数值模拟、工程案例验证等方法开展研究。剖析断层、软岩、涌水等地质对钻爆参数的影响机制，明确岩性、节理裂隙、地下水与炸药单耗、炮孔间距的适配关系；优化不同地质段参数，软弱围岩段采用“多打眼、少装药”，高地应力区采用预裂爆破，建立含极限平衡法、数值分析法及位移、应力等监测指标的稳定性分析体系。经两个典型隧道工程验证，优化后爆破振动速度15-30mm/s，超挖量≤100mm，围岩最大变形量＜20mm，稳定性显著提升，成果为复杂地质隧道施工提供科学指导，具工程应用价值。

Abstract

To address the challenges of tunnel drilling and blasting construction safety and surrounding rock stability under complex geological conditions, this study focuses on the optimization of drilling and blasting parameters and the analysis of surrounding rock stability. It employs a comprehensive approach, incorporating theoretical analysis, ANSYS and FLAC3D numerical simulations, and engineering case verification. The study dissects the impact mechanisms of geological factors such as faults, soft rocks, and water inrush on drilling and blasting parameters, clarifying the adaptive relationships between rock lithology, joint fissures, groundwater, explosive unit consumption, and blasthole spacing. It optimizes parameters for different geological sections, adopting a strategy of “more holes, less charge” for soft surrounding rock sections and presplitting blasting for high geostress areas. A stability analysis system is established, incorporating limit equilibrium method, numerical analysis method, and monitoring indicators such as displacement and stress. Verification through two typical tunnel projects shows that after optimization, the blasting vibration velocity is reduced to 15-30mm/s, the overexcavation is limited to ≤100mm, and the maximum deformation of the surrounding rock is <20mm, significantly enhancing stability. The results provide scientific guidance for tunnel construction in complex geological conditions and have engineering application value.

关键词

复杂地质 / 隧道钻爆施工 / 数值模拟 / 现场监测

Key words

Complex geology / Tunnel drilling and blasting construction / Numerical simulation / On-site monitoring

参考文献

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