公路桥梁支座病害修复性养护技术选型与长期服役性能监测

Selection of Repairable Maintenance Technology and Long- term Service Performance Monitoring for Bridge Bearing of Highway

摘要

支座是公路桥梁结构中承上启下的关键构件，其性能直接关系到桥梁的受力协调与运行安全。长期服役过程中，受车辆荷 载、温度变形、材料老化及环境侵蚀影响，支座易出现性能退化与结构病害，导致梁体受力异常和伸缩受限。本文基于 “病害识别—性能评估—技术选型—监测反馈”的闭环思路，构建了系统化修复性养护技术体系，涵盖弹性支座更换、 聚氨酯灌注修复、滑板界面更新与橡胶复合层置换等手段，并结合物联网监测技术，实现支座应变、温度与位移的动态感 知。工程验证表明，该体系可显著延长支座寿命，提升桥梁安全性与耐久性，为公路桥梁养护提供科学依据与示范。

Abstract

As pivotal components in highway bridge structures, bearings serve as critical connectors between upper and lower elements, with their performance directly determining load coordination and operational safety. During prolonged service, bearings are susceptible to performance degradation and structural damage caused by vehicle loads, thermal deformation, material aging, and environmental erosion, leading to abnormal beam stress and restricted expansion/contraction. This study establishes a systematic repairable maintenance framework through a closed-loop approach encompassing “fault identification—performance evaluation—technical selection—monitoring feedback.” The system incorporates multiple techniques including elastic bearing replacement, polyurethane grouting repair, sliding plate interface renewal, and rubber composite layer replacement. Integrated with IoT monitoring technology, it enables real-time detection of bearing strain, temperature, and displacement. Engineering validation demonstrates that this system significantly extends bearing lifespan, enhances bridge safety and durability, and provides scientific evidence and practical demonstration for highway bridge maintenance.

关键词

桥梁支座 / 病害修复 / 养护技术 / 性能监测 / 长期服役

Key words

Bridge bearings / Damage repair / Maintenance technology / Performance monitoring / Long-term service

参考文献

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