复杂地质条件下高速铁路隧道围岩稳定性控制技术研究
Research on the Control Technology of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Stability for High-Speed Railways under Complex Geological Conditions
高速铁路隧道穿越范围广，受地层演变等多种因素影响，易遭遇岩溶、软岩、断层破碎带、高地应力等复杂地质。各类地 质具有鲜明工程特性：岩溶地质溶洞、暗河发育，软岩地质岩体强度低、遇水易软化，断层破碎带岩体松散且地下水富 集，高地应力地质地应力超标。不同复杂地质对应差异化围岩稳定性隐患，主要包括突水突泥、围岩坍塌、大变形、岩爆 等，危害施工安全与工程质量。本文结合工程实际，分类梳理复杂地质类型及核心特性，剖析各类地质下的围岩稳定性隐 患表现与危害，提出针对性的控制技术，能保障高铁隧道施工安全。
High-speed railway tunnels have a wide range of passages and are affected by various factors such as geological stratum evolution. They are prone to encountering complex geological conditions such as karst, soft rock, fractured fault zones, and high ground stress. Each type of geological feature has distinct engineering characteristics: karst geological formations have developed caves and underground rivers; soft rock geological formations have low rock strength and are prone to softening when exposed to water; fractured fault zones have loose rock masses and abundant groundwater; high ground stress geological formations have exceeded the standard of ground stress. Different complex geological conditions correspond to different potential stability hazards of surrounding rock, mainly including water and mud gushing, surrounding rock collapse, large deformation, and rockburst, which pose risks to construction safety and project quality. This paper, based on engineering practice, classifies and summarizes the types and core characteristics of complex geological formations, analyzes the manifestations and hazards of surrounding rock stability hazards under various geological conditions, and proposes targeted control technologies, which can ensure the safety of high-speed railway tunnel construction.
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