城市快速路高架桥伸缩装置病害检测技术研究

Research on Disease Detection Technology for Expansion Devices of Urban Expressway Overpasses

摘要

城市快速路高架桥伸缩装置长期处于高频车流、重复冲击、雨水侵蚀和温度循环共同作用之下，既承担梁端位移释放功 能，又直接影响桥面平整性、排水性与行车舒适度，因此一直是城市桥梁养护中的高损耗部位。现行城市桥梁和公路桥梁 相关标准均将伸缩装置列入经常性检查、定期检测和特殊检测的重要对象，检查重点集中于连接松动、异常变形、破损、 脱落、漏水、阻塞以及由此引起的跳车等现象。结合中国城市快速路高架桥常见装置类型及现场养护经验，本文围绕常见 病害和对应检测技术展开分析，重点讨论型钢构件、锚固区混凝土、止水排水系统和紧固连接体系的检测要点，以期形成 更贴近城市桥梁运营实际的病害识别路径。

Abstract

The expansion joints of urban expressway viaducts are subjected to prolonged exposure to high-frequency traffic flow, repeated impacts, rainwater erosion, and temperature cycles. These joints not only facilitate the release of beam end displacements but also directly affect the bridge deck’s smoothness, drainage performance, and driving comfort, making them one of the most wear-prone components in urban bridge maintenance. Current standards for urban and highway bridges include expansion joints among the key subjects for routine inspections, periodic examinations, and specialized tests, with inspections focusing on issues such as loose connections, abnormal deformation, damage, detachment, leakage, blockages, and resulting vehicle jolting. Drawing on the common types of expansion joints used in China’s urban expressway viaducts and on-site maintenance experience, this paper analyzes common defects and corresponding inspection techniques, with particular emphasis on the inspection criteria for steel components, anchorage zone concrete, waterproofing and drainage systems, and fastening connection systems, aiming to establish a defect identification approach more aligned with the practical operations of urban bridges.

关键词

城市快速路 / 高架桥 / 伸缩装置 / 病害 / 检测技术 / 研究

Key words

urban expressway / elevated bridge / expansion device / structural defects / detection technology / research

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