基于物联网的公路地质灾害实时监测预警系统构建与应用研究

Research on the Construction and Application of Real-time Monitoring and Early Warning System of Highway Geological Disasters Based on Internet of Things

摘要

在地质灾害频发的山区公路沿线，滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等灾害对交通安全和社会经济运行构成严重威胁。传统监测依赖人 工巡检和单点观测，存在覆盖范围有限、响应滞后及信息孤岛等问题。随着物联网技术发展，将传感感知、数据通信与智 能分析结合的实时监测与预警系统成为防灾减灾的关键手段。本文基于物联网架构，研究了系统构建方法、功能结构与工 程应用路径，通过传感网络、边缘计算、云平台及多源数据融合，实现隐患点连续监测、动态分析与智能预警。研究表 明，系统在滑坡位移、降雨量、地表裂缝监测及应急响应方面具有高时效性和可靠性，可提升山区公路防灾体系的数字化 与智能化水平，为监测预警体系标准化建设提供参考。

Abstract

In mountainous regions prone to geological hazards, landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows pose significant threats to traffic safety and socio-economic operations. Traditional monitoring methods relying on manual inspections and single-point observations suffer from limited coverage, delayed responses, and information silos. With the advancement of IoT technology, real-time monitoring and early warning systems integrating sensor perception, data communication, and intelligent analysis have become crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study investigates the system architecture, functional structure, and engineering implementation based on IoT principles. By leveraging sensor networks, edge computing, cloud platforms, and multi-source data fusion, the system achieves continuous monitoring, dynamic analysis, and intelligent early warning for potential hazards. The research demonstrates high timeliness and reliability in landslide displacement monitoring, rainfall measurement, surface crack detection, and emergency response. These findings enhance the digitalization and intelligence of disaster prevention systems in mountainous roadways, providing valuable references for standardizing monitoring and early warning frameworks.

关键词

物联网 / 公路地质灾害 / 实时监测 / 预警系统 / 数据融合

Key words

Internet of Things (IoT) / highway geological hazards / real-time monitoring / early warning system / data fusion

参考文献

[1] 余绍淮, 徐乔, 余飞, 等. 基于空间信息技术的公路地质灾害多维多基监测预警方法[J]. 公路, 2022, 67(12):259-266.

[2] 余绍淮, 基于空间信息技术的公路地质灾害多维多基监测预警关键技术研究.湖北省,中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,2021-08-01.

[3] 于怀昌, 王春磊, 王硕楠, 等. 基于物联网技术的栾川魏家沟滑坡监测预警系统研究与实践[J]. 华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 39(06):46-50.

[4] 田红保, 王强. 基于智慧物联的地质灾害易发区监测预警系统研究[J]. 国土资源信息化, 2015,(04):43-46.

[5] 李超, 袁长征, 王大涛. 重庆山区公路地质灾害智能监测系统的研究与实现[J]. 城市勘测, 2020,(02):204-208.