汽车覆盖件拉延模具回弹控制的有限元分析与结构改进

Finite Element Analysis and Structure Improvement of Springback Control for Drawing Die of Automotive Cover

摘要

鉴于汽车覆盖件具有复杂曲面特征，拉延成形完毕后极易出现回弹方面的缺陷，从而极大影响装配精度。本文以某轿车前翼子板作为案例，依靠Dynaform有限元分析软件创建拉延模具与覆盖件的三维仿真模型，利用正交试验设计探究压边力、拉延筋参数、摩擦系数对回弹量的作用规律。实验数据显示，当压边力取值为120kN、拉延筋高度达8mm、摩擦系数为0.12之际，最大回弹量从起始的4.2mm下降至1.8mm。依据仿真结论，拟定模具型面补偿与拉延筋结构改良方案，经物理实验证实，优化后覆盖件回弹量被控制在0.8mm以内，符合行业装配精度标准。研究为汽车覆盖件拉延模具的回弹控制给出了具备理论价值与工程实用性的技术途径。

Abstract

Given the complex curved surface characteristics of automotive body panels, springback defects are highly likely to occur after drawing forming, significantly affecting assembly accuracy. Taking a sedan front fender as a case study, this paper employs Dynaform finite element analysis software to create 3D simulation models of drawing dies and panels. Through orthogonal experimental design, the effects of blanking force, drawing rib parameters, and friction coefficient on springback were investigated. Experimental data revealed that when the blanking force was 120kN, drawing rib height reached 8mm, and friction coefficient was 0.12, the maximum springback decreased from 4.2mm to 1.8mm. Based on simulation conclusions, a die surface compensation and drawing rib structure improvement plan was proposed. Physical experiments confirmed that the optimized springback was controlled within 0.8mm, meeting industry assembly accuracy standards. This study provides a technically sound and practically applicable approach for springback control in automotive body panel drawing dies.

关键词

汽车覆盖件 / 拉延模具 / 回弹控制 / 有限元分析 / 结构改进 / 正交试验

Key words

automotive body panels / drawing dies / springback control / finite element analysis / structural improvement / orthogonal test

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