HYDRUS 预测在采选项目土壤环境影响评价中的应用—以西藏高原地区铜矿采选项目为例

Brief Discussion on Rural Domestic Waste Treatment Technologies in Hunan Province

摘要

西藏高原地区生态环境脆弱，铜矿采选活动对土壤环境构成潜在威胁。本文以西藏某典型铜矿采选项目为例，依据《环境影响评价技术导则-土壤环境（试行）》（HJ964-2018），采用HYDRUS-1D软件构建一维非饱和溶质运移模型，对非正常状况下废水收集池破裂导致重金属在包气带中的垂直入渗迁移过程进行模拟预测。预测结果表明：在未考虑吸附、降解等自然衰减作用的保守情景下，随着时间推移，土壤剖面中铜/铅的浓度不断累积，至第40年，从泄漏点到地下水位之间的土壤浓度接近泄漏源浓度。本研究证实，HYDRUS模型能够有效模拟高原矿区污染物在包气带中的迁移规律，预测结果为项目分区防渗设计、环境风险管控及土壤-地下水跟踪监测方案的制定提供了关键的科学依据。

Abstract

The ecological environment of the Xizang Plateau region is fragile, and copper mining and beneficiation activities pose a potential threat to the soil environment. Taking a typical copper mining and beneficiation project in Xizang as an example, this study constructs a one-dimensional unsaturated solute transport model using the HYDRUS-1D software in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Soil Environment (for Trial Implementation) (HJ964-2018). It simulates and predicts the vertical infiltration and migration process of heavy metals in the vadose zone triggered by the rupture of the wastewater collection tank under abnormal conditions. The prediction results indicate that under the conservative scenario without considering natural attenuation effects such as adsorption and degradation, the concentrations of copper and lead in the soil profile accumulate continuously over time. By the 40th year, the soil concentration between the leakage point and the groundwater level approximates that of the leakage source. This study verifies that the HYDRUS model can effectively simulate the migration pattern of pollutants in the vadose zone of plateau mining areas. The prediction results provide a critical scientific basis for the formulation of the project’s zoned anti-seepage design, environmental risk control and management, as well as soil and groundwater tracking monitoring schemes.

关键词

西藏高原 / 铜矿采选 / 土壤污染预测 / HYDRUS-1D / 垂直入渗 / 重金属迁移

Key words

Xizang Plateau / copper mining and beneficiation / soil pollution prediction / HYDRUS-1D / vertical infiltration / heavy metal migrationl

参考文献

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