物流分拣系统实验设计

Experiment Design of Logistics Sorting System

摘要

本文设计并实现了一套基于西门子S7-200PLC的自动化产品检测与分拣系统，结合传感器技术、步进电机控制及气动执行机构，完成了从物料上料、传输检测到精准分拣的全流程自动化解决方案，用于大学机电系统课程设计项目。系统采用模块化设计，硬件部分由步进电机驱动的传送带、颜色传感器、接近开关及气缸组构成；软件层面通过PLC编程实现多传感器信号协同处理与运动控制逻辑优化。在关键技术实现中，通过颜色传感器的两点学习法设定红、绿、蓝目标阈值，结合PLC的高速脉冲串输出，解决了物料反光干扰与分拣动作时序偏差问题。本系统设计的创新点在于多传感器协同控制策略与低成本模块化架构，为大学机电系统设计课程提供了可复用的实验路径。

Abstract

This paper designs and implements an automated product inspection and sorting system based on the Siemens S7-200 PLC, integrating sensor technology, stepper motor control, and pneumatic actuators. The system achieves a fully automated process from material feeding, transmission, and inspection to precise sorting, serving as a project for a university electromechanical systems course design. The system adopts a modular design, with hardware components including a stepper motor-driven conveyor belt, color sensors, proximity switches, and cylinder groups. On the software side, PLC programming enables multi-sensor signal collaborative processing and motion control logic optimization. In the key technology implementation, the two-point learning method of the color sensor is used to set thresholds for red, green, and blue targets. Combined with the PLC’s high-speed pulse train output, issues such as material reflection interference and timing deviations in sorting actions are resolved. The innovative aspects of this system lie in its multi-sensor collaborative control strategy and low-cost modular architecture, providing a reusable experimental pathway for university electromechanical system design courses.

关键词

PLC / 物料分拣 / 自动控制 / 颜色传感器

Key words

PLC / material sorting / automatic control / color sensor

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