火电厂锅炉运行节能措施探究

Research on Energy-saving Measures for Boiler Operation in Thermal Power Plants

摘要

在中国电力结构仍以大规模火电支撑保供和调节的现实背景下，锅炉运行节能已不再只是单纯的燃料消耗控制问题，而是关系到机组经济性、环保稳定性、调峰适应性和长周期运行能力的综合课题。当前锅炉节能工作的难点，更多体现在实际燃煤偏离设计煤种、深度调峰工况增多、受热面污染加重以及尾部烟道阻力与漏风问题交织等方面。若仅依赖单项参数压降，往往难以形成持续效果。基于此，文章围绕火电厂常见锅炉运行场景，对锅炉节能价值与可落地措施进行梳理，并从燃料适配、制粉调整、燃烧配风、吹灰清洁和尾部损失控制等方面展开分析，以期为同类型机组运行优化提供可直接参考的技术思路。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of China’s power structure still relying heavily on large-scale thermal power for supply assurance and regulation, boiler energy efficiency has evolved beyond mere fuel consumption control to become a comprehensive issue involving unit economic performance, environmental stability, peak load adaptability, and long-term operational capacity. Current challenges in boiler energy conservation primarily manifest in deviations from designed coal types, increased deep peak-shaving operations, aggravated heat transfer surface contamination, and intertwined issues of flue gas resistance and air leakage. Relying solely on single-parameter pressure drop often fails to achieve sustained results. To address this, the article examines common boiler operating scenarios in thermal power plants, systematically analyzes the energy-saving value and actionable measures, and conducts in-depth studies on fuel compatibility, pulverizer adjustment, combustion air distribution, ash blowing cleaning, and flue gas loss control, aiming to provide directly applicable technical insights for optimizing similar unit operations.

关键词

火电厂 / 锅炉 / 运行 / 节能措施 / 探究

Key words

Thermal power plant / Boiler / Operation / Energy-saving measures / Exploration

参考文献

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