黑臭水体现状调研与水质检测分析研究

Research on the Current Situation of Black and Odorous Water Bodies and Water Quality Testing

摘要

城市黑臭水体形成是由有机污染负荷过载、底泥内源释放和水体自净功能丧失这三种机制共同造成的。调研结果表明，黑臭水体的空间分布具有明显的城乡梯度特征，工业废水、生活污水和面源污染的复合叠加是主要的驱动因素，底泥中积累的有机质和营养盐在厌氧条件下不断向上覆水体释放，给治理工作带来深层次的阻力。水质检测以溶解氧、氨氮、透明度、氧化还原电位为主要指标，可以客观反映水体黑臭的程度和空间分异的规律。控源截污、内源治理和生态修复三者分层，加上长效动态监测，可以达到水质持续改善的目的。

Abstract

The formation of black and odorous water bodies in cities is caused by a combination of three mechanisms: excessive organic pollution load, internal release from sediments, and the loss of the water body's self-purification function. Survey results show that the spatial distribution of black and odorous water bodies has a clear urban-rural gradient. The main driving factors are the combined impact of industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, and nonpoint source pollution. Organic matter and nutrients accumulated in the sediments continuously release into the overlying water under anaerobic conditions, posing deep challenges for management efforts. Water quality testing uses dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, transparency, and oxidation-reduction potential as main indicators, which can objectively reflect the degree of black and odorous water and its spatial differentiation patterns. Layered approaches of source control and sewage interception, internal treatment, and ecological restoration, combined with long-term dynamic monitoring, can achieve sustained water quality improvement.

关键词

黑臭水体 / 水质检测 / 溶解氧 / 底泥内源释放 / 生态修复

Key words

black and odorous water bodies / water quality testing / dissolved oxygen / internal sediment release / ecological restoration

参考文献

[1] 陈鸣. 城市黑臭水体污染控制与修复技术研究[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2026, 44(4):259-261.

[2] 袁园. 城市黑臭水体治理与水质长效改善技术研究[J]. 皮革制作与环保科技, 2021, 2(24):109-111.

[3] 李暄, 近红外技术在黑臭水体COD/BOD含量快速检测中的应用. 广西壮族自治区,广西壮族自治区产品质量检验研究院, 2021-07-16.