火力电厂汽轮机振动特性分析与故障诊断

Analysis of Vibration Characteristics and Fault Diagnosis of Steam Turbines in Thermal Power Plants

摘要

火力电厂汽轮机是能量转换重点设备，运行状态直接关系到机组安全性与稳定性，振动问题是干扰汽轮机可靠运行的重要因素之一，来源冗杂，包含转子动力学特性、轴系结构状态还有运行工况变化等多个环节，针对振动机理开展详细剖析，融合在线监测以及信号处理技术，可有效获取设备运行状态信息，实现异常振动的准确识别。在此基础上，利用多域信号分析方法提取振动特征参数，可以增加故障判别精确度，针对不同类型振动故障，设立相应诊断模型，有利于加强机组运行安全控制能力以及维护能力，保障火力发电系统稳定高效运行。

Abstract

The steam turbine in thermal power plants is a critical energy conversion equipment, and its operating condition directly impacts the safety and stability of the unit. Vibration is one of the major factors interfering with the reliable operation of steam turbines, with diverse sources including rotor dynamic characteristics, shaft system structural conditions, and variations in operating conditions. A detailed analysis of vibration mechanisms, combined with online monitoring and signal processing technologies, enables effective acquisition of equipment operating status information and accurate identification of abnormal vibrations. Furthermore, employing multi-domain signal analysis methods to extract vibration characteristic parameters enhances fault discrimination accuracy. By establishing corresponding diagnostic models for different types of vibration faults, the operational safety control and maintenance capabilities of the unit can be strengthened, ensuring stable and efficient operation of thermal power generation systems.

关键词

火力电厂 / 汽轮机 / 振动特性 / 状态监测

Key words

thermal power plant / steam turbine / vibration characteristics / condition monitoring

参考文献

[1] 赵言. 电厂汽轮机振动监测与故障诊断技术研究[J]. 中国设备工程, 2026,(07):151-153.

[2] 李金科. 发电厂汽轮机轴系振动分析与处理措施研究[J]. 电力设备管理, 2025,(13):284-286.

[3] 乐天山. 汽轮机振动故障原因分析及解决对策[J]. 现代制造技术与装备, 2025, 61(06):93-95.

[4] 宋美鹏, 张华芳, 高伟, 倪秋华, 王超, 张舒麒. 电厂汽轮机转子叶片静频测量研究与应用[J]. 设备管理与维修, 2025,(09):177-182.