厦门新机场卸油码头溢油影响数值研究

Numerical Study on Oil Spill at Oil Wharf of Xiamen Xiang’an Airport

摘要

为评估厦门新机场拟建卸油码头溢油对围头湾海域的影响，基于三维非结构网格有限体积海洋模型FVCOM建立了高分辨 “水动力——溢油输移”模型，综合考虑了对流、扩散、蒸发、乳化等物理过程。该模型在平面上采用非结构化三角形网格，能较好地描述岛屿、航道、复杂海岸线和潮间带。以大潮涨急和落急两个典型泄漏时刻为情景，模拟油膜泄漏时空演化规律。结果表明，涨急情景下油膜初期随涨潮流向西输移，18 h后主要分布于大嶝岛西侧至金门岛、小金门岛之间的深槽水道，并沿水道向南扩展；落急情景下油膜初期向东输移，24 h后主要分布于大嶝岛西部、北部和东部近岸，落急情景下近岸附着风险更高。研究结果可为围头湾海域溢油事故的应急处置提供依据。

Abstract

To assess the impact of an oil spill from the proposed fuel unloading terminal at Xiamen’s new airport on the waters of Weitou Bay, a high-resolution “hydrodynamic-oil spill transport” model was established using the three-dimensional unstructured-grid finite-volume ocean model FVCOM, which comprehensively accounts for physical processes such as convection, diffusion, evaporation, and emulsification. The model employs an unstructured triangular grid in the plane, enabling accurate representation of islands, shipping channels, complex coastlines, and the intertidal zone. Using two typical spill scenarios—the rising tide surge and the falling tide surge—the study simulated the spatiotemporal evolution of the oil slick. The results indicate that under the rising tide surge scenario, the oil slick initially moved westward with the rising tide current; after 18 hours, it was primarily distributed in the deep channel between the western side of Dading Island and Kinmen Island and Little Kinmen Island, and expanded southward along the channel; in the rapid ebb scenario, the oil slick initially moved eastward and, after 24 hours, was primarily distributed along the western, northern, and eastern nearshore areas of Dazheng Island; the risk of nearshore adhesion was higher in the rapid ebb scenario. The research findings can provide a basis for emergency response to oil spill incidents in the Weitou Bay area.

关键词

溢油 / 围头湾 / FVCOM / 应急处置

Key words

oil spill / weitou bay / FVCOM / emergency response

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